Role in Alzheimer’s disease

Xia M, Qin S, McNamara M, Mackay C, Hyman BT (1997) lnterleukin-8 receptor B immunore-activity in brain and neuritic plaques of Alzheimer s disease. Am J Pathol 150 1267-1274 Xia MQ, Bacskai BJ, Knowles RB, Qin SX, Hyman BT (2000) Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 on neurons and the elevated expression of its ligand IP-10 in reactive astrocytes in vitro ERKl/2 activation and role in Alzheimer s disease. J Neuroimmunol 108 227-235 Xia MQ, Qin SX, Wu LJ, Mackay CR, Hyman BT (1998) Immunohistochemical study of the beta-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 and their Ugands in normal and Alzheimer s disease brains. Am J Pathol 153 31-37... 

Sze, C.I., Su, M., Pugazhenthi, S., et al. (2004) Down-regnlation of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase induces tau phosphorylation in vitro. A potential role in Alzheimer s disease. J. Biol. Chem., 279, 30498-30506. 

Crapper-McLachlan DR. 1989. Aluminum neurotoxicity Criteria for assigning a role in Alzheimer s disease. In Lewis TE, ed. Environmental chemistry and toxicology of aluminum. Chelsea, MI Lewis Publishers, Inc., 299-315. 

Aluminium is the third most abundant element on earth but it is known to have toxic effects that cause brain disease, bone disease, and anaemia. There is concern especially in relation to its possible role in Alzheimer s disease. The changes observed in animals exposed to aluminium are similar to those observed in patients with Alzheimer s disease. Aluminium has been found in some areas of the brain of victims of Alzheimer s at levels not too dissimilar from that in the brains of the animals exposed. Some of the findings and their interpretation are controversial. Unfortunately, the amounts of aluminium absorbed by the residents of Camelford are... 

Xia M, Hyman BT (2002) GROalpha/KC, a chemokine receptor CXCR2 ligand, can be a potent trigger for neuronal ERKl/2 and PI-3 kinase padiways and for tau hyperphosphoryladon-a role in Alzheimer s disease J Neui oimmunol 122 55-64. 

Xia MQ, Bacskai BJ, Knowles RB, Qin SX, Hyman BT (2000) Expression of die chemokine receptor CXCR3 on neurons and die elevated expression of its ligand IP-10 in reacdve astrocytes hi viti o ERKl/2 acd vadon and role in Alzheimer s disease. J Neuro-immunol 108 227—235. 

Menkes disease (associated with copper deficiency) and Wilson s disease (associated with copper excess) (1,2), and its possible role in Alzheimer s disease (3), prion disease (4), and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis... 

CONCLUSIONS THE FUTURE OF THE A/0 HYPOTHESIS AND ITS ROLE IN ALZHEIMER S DISEASE... 

Aluminum apparently plays an important role in Alzheimer s disease and other neural disorders. There are concerns about human exposure to aluminum in the drinking water, medical vaccines (hepatitis B), antiperspirants, and environmental contamination. However, research on aluminum uptake and metabolism has been greatly constrained due to lack of adequate analytical techniques.26A1 is a radioisotope with a half-life of 710,000 years, and is rarely determined using scintillation... 

The 2-pyridone core structure is present in a wide range of compounds with antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activity members of this family also play an important role in Alzheimer s disease. By employing microwave-assisted organic synthesis, efficient conditions have been established for introduction of ami-nomethylene substituents in highly substituted bicyclic 2-pyridones. To incorporate tertiary aminomethylene substituents in the 2-pyridone framework, a microwave-assisted Mannich reaction using preformed imminium salts proved to be effective. Primary amino methylene substituents were introduced via cyanodehalogenation then borane dimethyl sulfide reduction of the afforded nitrile (Scheme 10.36) [78]. Microwave irradiation proved superior to traditional conditions for these transformations. 

Cuajungco, M.R and Eaget, K.Y. 2003. Zinc takes the center stage Its paradoxical role in Alzheimer s disease. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 41 44-56 Dahlgren, K.N., Manelli, A.M., Stine, W.B., Jn, Baker, L.K., Krafft, G.A. and LaDu, M.J. 2002. OUgomeric and fibrillar species of amyloid-P peptides differentieilly affect neuroneil viabUity. J. Biol. Chem. 277 32046-32053... 

Biological and clinical chemistry applications of plasma emission spectrometry include determinations of those metals required for proper functioning of living systems, such as Fe, Cu, K, Na, P, S, and Se, in urine, blood, serum, bone, muscle, and brain tissue. Aluminum exposure was suspected of playing a role in Alzheimer s disease and A1 concentrations in blood and tissue can be determined by emission spectrometry. No link between exposure to aluminum and Alzheimer s... 

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