Stress rodent models

Pawlyk, A. C., Jha, S. K., Brennan, F. X., Morrison, A. R. Ross, R. J. (2005). A rodent model of sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder the role of context after fear conditioning. Biol. Psychiatry 57, 268-77. 

Stressful early life events, involving abuse or neglect, can have a life-long influence on the stress response, and lead to elevated levels of allostatic load for the lifespan. Overactivity of the stress hormone axis has been linked to prenatal stress or poor maternal care in rodent models, and this overactivity contributes to increased rates of brain and body aging [39]. 

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its receptors may also be important in the regulation of anxiety and stress. NPY is synthesized in the arcuate nucleus, which receives LC input. In a number of rodent models, NPY administration has anxiolytic and, at somewhat higher doses, sedative effects. Likewise, NPY antagonizes CRH-induced stress responses, and suppresses LC firing when injected... 

Stress, Immune Function, and Resistance to Disease Human and Rodent Models... 

Rodent Models and the Elucidation of the Role of Stress on the Exacerbation... 

RODENT MODELS AND THE ELUCIDATION OF THE ROLE OF STRESS ON THE EXACERBATION OF DISEASE... 

In humans the greatest expression of apoE is found in the liver, followed by the brain. Animal and in vitro models show that in the brain, astrocytes and microglia are the main producers of secreted apoE (Pitas et al., 1987 Uchihara et al., 1995) whereas neurons appear to produce apoE under stress conditions (Aoki et al., 2003 Xu et al., 1999). In a rodent model, moderate injury induces enhancement of apoE levels in clusters of CAl and CA3 pyramidal neurons (Boschert et al., 1999) in another model, apoE levels increase in response to peripheral nerve injury (Ignatius et al., 1986) whereas apoE secretion in human primary astrocytes can be reduced by a combination cytokines (Baskin et al., 1997). 

Zacharowski K, Olbrich A, Cuzzocrea S, Foster SJ, Thiemermann C Membrane-permeable radical scavenger, tempol, reduces multiple organ injury in a rodent model of gram-positive shock. Crit Care Med. 28 1953-1961, 2000 Zhang C, Walker LM, Mayeux PR Role of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidant stress in the rat kidney. Biochem.Pharmacol. 59 203-209, 2000... 

Porsolt RD, Martin P, Lenegre A, Fromage S, Drieu K. (1990). Effects of an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGB 761) on "learned helplessness" and other models of stress in rodents. Pharmacol Blochem Behav. 36(4) 963-71. 

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