Rockets development

Liquid-fuel rocket developed by R. H. Goddard (United States). 

Due to the fact that some US guided missiles and rockets developed after WWII, are modifications and improvements of missiles and rockets developed in Germany before and during WWII, there follows a list of such missiles, as described in PATR 2510(1958)... 

Demolition Rocket, 7.2 inch. Amer surface-to-surface rocket developed in 1943 by NDRC at CalTech, Pasadena, Calif. It can be fired from "WhizBang 20-tube and "Grand Slam 24-tube tank-mounted launchers against strongly built concrete positions... 

Stooge Rocket First radio-controlled rocket developed in Engl as a possible defense against bombers carrying atomic payloads. The weapon had a speed of over 5 OOmph, and a range of approx 8 miles... 

High specific impulse always has been the primary reason for developing new propellant systems. The discussion in the previous sections has shown that one of the best means of augmenting the performance of a propellant system is by adding greater quantities of the light metallic elements. It has been this desire to add additional metal to the system which has brought the recent innovations in rocket developments to the forefront. 

For a large-scale liquid hydrogen storage, tanks of spherical shape are used to minimize boiloff losses. Two spherical dewars with a capacity of 190 of LH2 plus 10 % ullage each were components at the Nuclear Rocket Development Station, Nevada, during the ROVER project starting in 1955 (see section 9.5.1.). The insulation consisted of a vacuum jacket and a 0.9 m perlite powder layer allowing an estimated boiloff rate of... 

Gas chromatography has become an increasingly useful tool in the quality control of manufactured products and as a technique for laboratory analysis. This paper describes a combination of these uses with a gas chromatograph system at the Nuclear Rocket Development Station of the Atomic Energy Commission and the National Aeronautical and Space Administration. 

At the Nuclear Rocket Development Station in Nevada, quantities of the order of 8x10 scf of He, H2, and N2 are stored in tank farms and some 156,000 gal of liquid hydrogen can presently be stored in dewars. It is essential to maintain a high purity in the hydrogen tank farm gas used for dewar pressurization and a high purity in the helium and nitrogen kept in storage. 

Solid-fueled and liquid-fueled rockets were developed because of the characteristics of travel beyond the Earth s atmosphere. First, a spacecraft must develop a speed of more than 25,000 mile per hour to break the gravitational puU. Second, in space oxygen is absent, so turbojet engines and internal-combustion engines will not operate. Therefore, alternative types of propulsion needed to be developed, which is why solid-fueled and liquid-fueled rockets were developed. Rockets develop thrust without having oxygen available to burn. Engineers term the types of chemical mixtures used in rockets that produce thrust as propellants. 

Later it was used for aerospace/rocket development (including the Apollo space program) to avoid errors in the relatively small sample sizes associated with costly rocket technology. 

There appears to be general agreement that the next generation of rockets developed for both manned and unmanned exploration of space will utilize liquid 02 H2 propellant systems. Hydrogen also appears as an attractive working fluid for the nuclear and ion engines now in the research stage. 

Rover filer is a highly enriched nranium-nloblum-graphite material from the Nuclear Rocket Development Station in Nevada. This fuel will be recovered by a combustion-dissolution process. The combustion step Will convert UC2 and NbC to oxides and the dissolution step will dissolve the oxides in 8.0 Af HF and 8.0 A/ HNO3 with 3.5 g/liter boron present. The proixised annular dissolver vessel will have a center vessel and an external coollng/heating jacket filled with borated water at 5.0 g B/liter. The aimulus has fuel and dissolvent with 3.5 g B/liter present. 

Solid-fueled rockets developed in China in the thirteenth century achieved the first successful continuous propulsion of heavier-than-air flying machines. In 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright used a spinning propeller driven by an internal combustion engine to accelerate air and develop the reaction force that propelled the first human-carrying heavier-than-air powered flight. 

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