Rocket experiments

The (0, 0) bands at A = 7620 A and A = 1.27 [x of the two atmospheric band systems may be observed from elevated altitudes, and balloon, high-altitude aircraft, and rocket experiments have been used to investigate the... 

The rates of reactions (149)-(152) vary with altitude. The rate constants of reactions (149) and (151) are determined by the solar flux at a given altitude, and the rate constants of the other reactions are determined by the temperature at that altitude. However, precise solar data obtained from rocket experiments and better kinetic data for reactions (150)-( 152), coupled with recent meteorological analysis, have shown that the Chapman model was seriously flawed. The concentrations predicted by the model were essentially too high. Something else was affecting the ozone. 

Rocket experiments by personnel of the Naval Research Laboratory 22-24) have extended ozone observations to altitudes up to 70 km. In this work V-2 or Aerobee... 

William Michael Vaughan, 17, a highsehool Senior, has decided to giva up amateur rocket experiments — at least with the kind of "rockets" made by stuffing match-hsads into a metal case His decision, unfortunately, comes a little late, after losing two fingers as the result of a recent experiment. 

This paper will concentrate on the unique requirements of aeronomic spectroscopy and on the application of image devices to these measurements. Spectrometer 1, Table I, was developed for rocket experiments intended to measure the NIR absorption spectra of 1 0 and 02 molecules in the middle atmosphere. A photodiode array was used as the spectrometric sensor. With this spectrometer we were able to measure the NIR solar radiation spectrum with an altitude resolution better than 2 km. Spectrometer 2, Table I, was basically of the same design as spectrometer 1, except that an image intensifier was optically coupled to the diode array to permit low light-level measurements. The resolution of this spectrometer was adequate for measurements of rotational profiles of the A-band absorption spectra of 02 molecules. We were able to measure the rotational temperature of oxygen molecules, in the stratosphere and the lower mesosphere with an accuracy of + 1.5°, and a spatial resolution better than 2 km. These experiments provided the basis for study of the dynamic processes of atmospheric molecules. Spectrometer 3,... 

Figure 4 is an example of spectra measured with the spectrometer 1 system in the S-310-8 rocket experiment. The A-band absorption spectra of oxygen molecules, which originate from the 1Eg(v,=0)- -3Zg(v"=0) and i g(v = l)- -3Zg(v"=0) transitions (4), have been observed at 763 and 692 nm, respectively. The rotational bands (3,0,1) and (2,1,1) of water vapors have also been observed at 720 and 820 nm, respectively (5). 

Figure 4. The NIR spectrum of the solar radiation measured by the S-310-8 rocket experiment. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 3. Copyright 1981, American Institute of Physics.)...

The solar spectrum has been the subject of numerous rocket experiments undertaken since the 1940s. The first spectrum measured above the ozone layer by a V-2 rocket dates from October 1946 (Baum et al, 1946), and not until the 1950s was a solar spectrum observed from an altitude of 100 km (Johnson et al, 1952). Today the solar irradiance is routinely observed by spectrometers on board balloons, aircraft, or spacecraft. During the 1990s, for example, the solar UY flux was measured almost continuously between 120 and 400 nm by the Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SUSIM) and the Solar/Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE), both on board the... 

Figure 4. Photograph of cross-sections of polyurethane samples prepared in a microgravity environment at 1 atmosphere in a soundirig rocket experiment (right) compared to its ground-based comparison (left).

Todd, P. Sounding Rocket Experiments in Biotechnology Using Materials Dispersion Apparatus. Final Report, Contract No. H8057B, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, 1989. 

For a detailed description of the reflection at grazing incidence of X-rays see, e.g., [4.37]. X-ray astronomy began after the Second World War with rockets. The first X-ray source, scorpius X-1, was discovered more by accident during a rocket experiment conducted by NASA. These discoveries established the X-ray astronomy and opened up the new research field of X-ray imaging optics. 

The ablation of ultra-high temperature materials is often associated severe thermal shock due to their particular work environments (like rocket nozzle, nose caps and rudders). The evaluation of the ablation/thermal shock properties of these materials are usually tested with rocket motors (Yu, 1991). Since the rocket experiments are so expensive, some alternative methods are employed to study the ablation/thermal shock in order to reduce the cost and obtain primary evaluation of materials. The oxyacetylene method is cheap and easily performed, consequently is widely used. 

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