Comparison experiment

Comparing two or more complex alternatives is more difficult than examining equipment capacity or first cost. Characteristics of alternatives should be weighted for relative importance and measured on a common scale to aEow proper evaluation. Many characteristics such as first cost, capacity, space requirement, and annual energy use can be measured objectively and used for system comparisons. Experience has shown that items such as maintenance expense, component life, and downtime can also be rehably estimated. Other factors, eg, system maintainabEity, flexibEity, and comfort, are more arbitrary. 

B. 5-26-A Graphical comparisons experiments and correlations. [E,S] For spheres. Includes transpiration effects and changing diameters. [78] [146] p.222... 

For the silyl compounds (Table 27) high-quality calculated BDE values have also been included with the experimentally derived quantities. Here, the uncertainties and distribution of experimental values are larger than for the methyl compounds. The calculated BDEs in this work and corresponding comparison experience with the methyl compounds can, perhaps, be used to narrow some of the uncertainties in the silyl compounds. For almost all the germaniun, tin and lead compounds in Tables 28-30, the calculated BDEs are the only information available to date. 

FIGURE 1.45 Recovery, LOQ, LOD, and precision and accuracy data from Millipore SPE versus PPT comparison experiments.164 (Reproduced with permission from Millipore.)... 

In this report our original procedure (7.) is described. Then the published in vivo - in vitro comparison experiments (8) are briefly summarized and subsequent investigations on in vitro digestion conditions and methods for fractionation of calcium from digests are reported. 

Suppose someone comes to you with the hypothesis that shoes worn on the right foot receive more wear than shoes worn on the left foot. Design a randomized paired comparison experiment to test this hypothesis. How might it differ from a completely randomized design ... 

Fig. 9 Composition of organic compounds for a quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance comparison experiment...

Comparison experiment with numerical simulation results... 

For the supercritical versus conventional hydrotreating experiments (the comparison experiments), a fresh catalyst was used for each of the above experiments. For the feedstock testings and reaction parameter studies, the same catalyst was used. Before data were collected, the fresh catalyst was lined out for one week (168 hours). When the feed or reaction parameter was changed, the catalyst was lined out for 2b hours before data were collected. 

Reaction times obtained from nine-year-old children in mental-comparison experiments, plotted, as a function of ordinal separation, from every item in the set. 

The particular influence of cesium ions on the course of cyclization reactions which is proven by many comparison experiments with different metal cations has been called the cesium effect . As a rule, equimolar amounts of cesium compounds are used, which means that one cannot normally speak of a cesium catalysis. Nevertheless, a catalytic effect with respect to the cesium cation often cannot be excluded. 

To confirm the validity of our theory, Matsuura et al. [18] carried out a comparison experiment. Now, they split the chemicals in the soup so that each tube has 100 DNA molecules instead of a single one. Otherwise, they adopt the same procedure. In other words, this corresponds to a cell with 100 copies of genome. Change of self-replication activity in the experiment is plotted in the right panel of Fig. 7. As shown, the self-replication activity is lost by each generation, and after the fourth generation the capability of autonomous replication is totally lost. This result shows that the number of molecules to carry genetic information should be small, which is consistent with the theory. 

The solar spectrum has been the subject of numerous rocket experiments undertaken since the 1940s. The first spectrum measured above the ozone layer by a V-2 rocket dates from October 1946 (Baum et al, 1946), and not until the 1950s was a solar spectrum observed from an altitude of 100 km (Johnson et al, 1952). Today the solar irradiance is routinely observed by spectrometers on board balloons, aircraft, or spacecraft. During the 1990s, for example, the solar UY flux was measured almost continuously between 120 and 400 nm by the Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SUSIM) and the Solar/Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE), both on board the... 

Rottman, G.J., T.N. Woods, and T.P. Sparn, Solar stellar irradiance comparison experiment Instrument design and operation. J Geophys Res 98, 10,667, 1993. 

In comparison experiments, we used two samples, each with 1.2 wt ABP - oneanE/ABP copolymer and the other an E//E/ABP blend. Due to the sample thickness (2 mils) and the high ABP concentration, nearly 100 of the incident radiation was absorbed by the samples in the initial part of the reaction. The samples were irradiated for various periods and the gel fractions and crosslink densities determined. These data are tabulated in Table IV and plotted in Figure 5. 

It must be pointed out that, in this case too, the comparison experiments Ni vs. Cu prove the better catalytic activity of the nickel complex (the difference of the results, Ni vs. Cu, is higher for KHC03 than for K2C03 demonstrating probably the specific sensitivity of the copper catalysis to the alcoholate concentration (higher for K2C03 than for KHC03). 

Speciation and bottle wall detenninations (Table 5) were performed using procedures developed by Bloom [8]. Fresh aliquots were removed from the same sample bottles used for method comparison experiments (Table 4). Data in Table 5 are independent. Separate aliquots were used for each determination. 

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