Rocket bonding agents

Polymer-based rocket propellants are generally referred to as composite propellants, and often identified by the elastomer used, eg, urethane propellants or carboxy- (CTPB) or hydroxy- (HTPB) terrninated polybutadiene propellants. The cross-linked polymers act as a viscoelastic matrix to provide mechanical strength, and as a fuel to react with the oxidizers present. Ammonium perchlorate and ammonium nitrate are the most common oxidizers used nitramines such as HMX or RDX may be added to react with the fuels and increase the impulse produced. Many other substances may be added including metallic fuels, plasticizers, stabilizers, catalysts, ballistic modifiers, and bonding agents. Typical components are Hsted in Table 1. 

Tetranitromethane is used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants, as a diesel fuel additive, and as an explosive. It is used as a biochemical agent to nitrate tyrosine proteins. It is also used as an organic reagent for detecting the presence of double bonds, and as a mild nitrating reagent, reacting with tyrosine residues in proteins and peptides. 

In You Only Live Twice, Asian women were featured for the first time with beautiful Japanese actresses Akiko Wakabayashi and Mie Hama playing opposite 007. Bond is made up to look Japanese and assumes the role of the husband to Kissy, who in reality is a Japanese secret agent there to help Bond find the hidden SPECTRE rocket base. Q supplies Little Nellie, a gyro-copter with built-in offensive and defensive weapons used by Bond in a successful aerial battle with SPECTRE helicopters. Incidentally, the screenwriter on this film was Roald Dahl Yes, that Roald Dahl. 

The survey of nitrogen oxidation states starts with the nitrides and ammonia (—3). Binary nitrides are much like hydrides and oxides in that they can be ionic, covalent, or interstitial. Ammonia is the familiar pyramidal, hydrogen-bonding base ammonium salts are much like those of potassium and rubidium except that the ammonium ion is a weak acid. Hydrazine (—2) is closely related to ammonia and is such an excellent reducing agent that it is used in rocket fuels. Hydroxylamine contains nitrogen in the —1 oxidation state. Nitrous oxide (+1), laughing gas, was the first anesthetic. Nitric oxide (+2) is an odd-electron species. It seems like a simple... 

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