Robust matrix material

A robust matrix material can also be employed as a support to accommodate active metals, metal oxides, polymers, etc. Thus, three-dimensional graphene-based frameworks were used to support copper phthalocyanines and show improved thermal and chemical stability combined with a competitive overall cost and availability. This catalyst was successfully tested for the selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds. The high catalytic activity of the material was related to n-n interactions between benzene moieties of reactants and graphene that favor the interaction of the reagents and catalytic sites. On the other hand, the presence of basic sites on the support also helps to improve the selectivity. 

It is often assumed that for nanostructured materials such as nanocomposites, the ENMs are either robustly embedded in or linked to the matrix material, which makes the risk of release low [9]. From this viewpoint, the product is safe provided that no... 

The virtues of ICP/MS include efficient production of positive atomic ions robustness of the plasma (tolerance of sample matrix material in the ion source) sample introduction at atmospheric pressure ability to handle solid, liquid or gaseous sample forms and speed of analysis. Sample preparation requires much less chemical purification than for TIMS, AMS or radiation detection by beta- or alpha-spectrometry. 

It should be noted that all requirements listed in Table 10 apply to an individual analyte-matrix combination. There are no specific demands or proposals for investigations of the infiuence of various sample materials. This procedure does propose the study of other matrices together with further parameters infiuencing robustness of the method. 

Recently, DNA has been studied as a robust material for photonics applications32, and particularly as a polymer matrix in laser gain material33. This material can withstand high-intensity laser fields and relatively high temperatures. 

It is eoncluded that the determination of dioxin-like activity in cleaned sediment extracts using the DR-Luc bioassay has a consistent reproducibility, and can be used as a reliable and robust tool in the hazard assessment of dredged materials in a licensing system. Its advantage over ehemical analysis is that it also detects the effects of combined exposure as well as the effect of unidentified congeners or chemicals present in concentrations below the limit of detection of chemical analysis with a similar mode of action. In addition the use of cleaned sediment extracts circumvents the problem of disturbing sediment matrix effects. 

Opportunities remain to develop new or improved separation chemistries, and the engineered solid-phase materials that utilize them, in order to support radioanalyti-cal needs. Selectivity remains a key issue in order to support isolation of particular elements or groups of elements from complex sample matrixes. Selectivity to support determination of TRU actinides in the presence of large excesses of uranium is often required. The engineered form is also significant, as it must enable the separation chemistry to work while providing a robust material that can be used over and over again. 

Clearly, combination of the crosslinking and mixed matrix approaches to produce a robust sheath layer with embedded molecular sieve domains is a hybrid option with potential application for high selectivity needed in aggressive environments. Such materials may be the ultimate low-cost option for many of the large-scale undeveloped markets. 

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