Right ventricle anatomy

Byrd underscores the concept of thoroughly understanding anatomy with his description of the anteriorly and posteriorly displaced clavicle (44). The posteriorly displaced clavicle commonly seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients can make venous access from the percutaneous point of view extremely hazardous. Similarly, the anteriorly displaced clavicle, as found in the elderly kyphoscoliotic patient with interiorly bowed clavicles, renders percutaneous venous access next to impossible. An appreciation of these anatomic variations is essential to avoid the complications of pneumothorax, hemopneumothorax, and unsuccessful venipuncture. It should also be appreciated that the right ventricle is an anterior structure, the apex of which is usually located anteriorly and to the left (Fig. 4.5). Although the normal location is distinctly to the left of the midline, occasionally it can be rotated anteriorly... 

On the left (A) is a profile of the human brain, and on the right, a magnified view (B) of a slice through the brain as indicated by the dotted line. The anatomy of the brain consists of two hemispheres, each covered with multiple layers of important cells known as the cerebral cortex. White matter, which consists of wiring —projections from one cell to another—lies beneath the cerebral cortex, along with some groups of cells that perform various functions. The ventricles are cavities through which runs a substance called cerebrospinal fluid, which helps protect and cushion the delicate structures of the nervous system. 

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