Rice, Kenner

Dumont, Raymond Newman, Amy Hauck Rice, Kenner C. Brossi, A. ... 

Improved synthesis of (+)- morphine, (+)-codeine and (+)-heroine Rice, Kenner C. Iijima, Ikuo Brossi, Arnold... 

Calderon and Kenner Rice developed a series of compounds based on the structure of BW373U86. The chiral methylether derivative SNC-80 showed greater selectivity for the delta opioid receptor, but was apparently associated with a brief single episode of convulsant activity, seeming to indicate potential limitations in the therapeutic value of delta receptor agonists. Structurally similar compounds that did not bind to the delta receptor were also shown to produce similar convulsant activity, confusing the issue of whether convulsant activity was an effect associated with the delta receptor itself, or with the specific structure. 

Stevenson GW, Folk JE, Linsenmayer DC, Kenner C, Rice KC, Negus SS (2003) Opioid Interactions in Rhesus Monkeys Effects of S + ii and S + K Agonists on Schedule-Controlled Responding and Thermal Nociception. J Pharm Exp Ther-ap 307 1054-1064... 

DRUGS OF ABUSE CHEMISTRY, PHARMACOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND AIDS. Phuong Thi Kim Pham, Ph.D., and Kenner Rice, Ph.D., eds. 

Brian R. de Costa. 3 Xiao-shu He, Celia Dominguez Wanda Williams, Kenner C. Rice and Wayne D. Bowen ... 

The authors are grateful to Mallinckrodt Speciality Chemicals for support of the research work regarding their own approaches to morphine. We thank Kenner Rice (NIH) for reading the manuscript and for providing information connected to the use of morphine and derivatives and Professor David R. Dalton of Temple University for sharing with us a copy of a recent dissertation. Scott Richardson of Mallinckrodt Specialty Chemicals is acknowledged for sharing with us a review of morphine synthesis. 

Morphine s synthesis remains a serious challenge to this day. Until recently, the formal synthesis published by Kenner Rice [16] was its most efficient preparation. In 2009, Magnus reported a route to codeine with a reported overall yield of approximately 17% [17]. All academic s)mtheses reported in the literature, creative as these may be, suffer from lack of practicality, with the sole exception of Rice s disclosure, which has potential for scale-up. 

The closing sequence comes from Kenner C. Rice and comprises seven stages. [103] Acetalisation of the keto-function and elimination of methanol with p-toluenesulfonic acid in chloroform is followed by addition of methyl hypobromite. Ehmination of HBr and hydrolysis of the ketal leads to the unsaturated ketone, which is reduced stereoselectively with sodium borohydride to produce (-)-codeine. This generates the fifth stereogenic centre. The methyl ether is finally cleaved with boron tribromide. 

Although more syntheses have followed that early work (and it remains likely that yet even more will be developed because these alkaloids serve as templates for testing a variety of experimental tools, ideas and techniques), that of Kenner Rice (Scheme 13.45) continues to stand as one of the cleanest and highest yielding. 

The synthesis devised by Kenner Rice (vide supra) (Scheme 13.45) was actually directed toward dihydrothebainone since the conversion of that intermediate to... 

Feng Li, Arthur E. Jacobson, and Kenner C. Rice, Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD 20852, Fax 301-402-0589... 

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