Rhodococcus equi

Rhodococcus equi XL-1 has also been demonstrated to have superior stability in solutions containing up to 20 mM HCN when compared with several Rhodococcus erythropolis... 

By using bacterial epoxide hydrolase of Rhodococcus equi IFO 3730, Faber synthesized44 as shown in Scheme 64 [96]. The enzymatic step (A—>B),however, proceeded in a low yield. 

Chang YC, Chou CC (2002) Growth and production of cholesterol oxidase by alginate-immobilized cells of Rhodococcus equi No 23. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 35 69-74... 

Bouchez-Nai tali, M., Blanchet, D., Bardin, V. and Vandecasteele, J.-P. (2001). Evidence for interfacial uptake in hexadecane degradation by Rhodococcus equi the importance of cell flocculation, Microbiology, 147, 2537-2543. 

Rhodococcus equi has been used for oxidation of sulfinic acid (Figure 33(b)).Mb Incubation of racemic arenesulfinic acid esters with the bacterial strain gave the corresponding sulfonates leaving optically pure (f )-substrate (>99% ee). 

For the reaction of phenylsulfinyl propanone with Rhodococcus equi, both oxidation of sulfoxide and reduction of carbonyl group proceeded.278 The carbonyl group of (R)-sulfoxide was reduced to the corresponding (Rs,, S c)-alcohols without the reaction of sulfoxide group, while (5)-sulfoxide was oxidized first to the corresponding sulfone and then the carbonyl group was reduced to the corresponding ( -alcohol. 

Taouji, S., Nomura, I., Giguere, S., et al. (2004) Immunogenecity of synthetic peptides representing linear B-cell epitopes of VapA of Rhodococcus equi. Vaccine 22(9-10), 1114-1123. 

Martinkova, L., Klempier, N., Efi-eiml, M., et al. 2002. Selective biotransformation of substituted alicyclic nitriles by Rhodococcus equi A4. Canadain Journal of Chemistry, 80 724—7. 

Prepechalova, L, Martinkova, L., Stolz, A., et al. 2001. Purification and characterization of the enantioselective nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus equi A4. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 55 150-6. 

Andersen SJ, Quan S, Gowan B, Dabbs ER. Monooxygenase-like sequence of a Rhodococcus equi gene conferring increased re- 73. sistance to rifampin by inactivating this antibiotic. Antimicrob. 

Holliday M A, Friedman A L, Wassner S J 1999 Extracellular fluid restoration In dehydration a critique of rapid versus slow. Pediatric Nephrology 13 292-297 Hurley J R, Begg A P 1995 Failure of hyperimmune plasma to prevent pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals. Australian Veterinary Journal 72 418-420 loannides-Demos L L, Liolios L, Topliss D J et al 1995 A prospective audit of total parenteral nutrition at a major teaching hospitai. Medical Journal of Australia 163 233-237... 

Baverud, V., Franklin, A., Gunnarsson, A., Gustafsson, A. Hellander-Edman, A. (1998) Clostridium difficile associated with acute colitis in mares when their foals are treated with erythromycin and rifampicin for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. Equine Veterinary Journal, 30, 482-488. 

Erythromycin estolate in conjunction with rifampin (both drugs administered orally) can be recommended for the treatment of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals. Early diagnosis of the infection and prompt initiation of therapy considerably increase the effectiveness of treatment. Apart from this specific indication, macrolide antibiotics (including erythromycin) and lincosamides (lincomycin and clindamycin) are contra-indicated in horses. Antimicrobial agents in these classes can cause severe disturbance of the balance between commensal bacterial flora in the colon of the horse. 

A few synthetic applications for obtaining biologically active compounds have been described, based on the use of these bacterial enzymes. For instance, the pheromone (S)-frontalin was synthesized in five steps in 94% ee (but rather low overall yield) via a chemoenzymatic route implying epoxide resolution using lyophilized cells oi Rhodococcus equi [189] (Fig. 16). 

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