RFLP approach

Keywords Systems engineering Systems thinking Mechatronics Complexity management V model RFLP approach... 

In other articles, the so called RFLP approach, that stands for Requirements, Functional, Logical and Physical modeling, is presented as a procedural model for Systems engineering. In fact, the RFLP approach is approximately equivalent to the descending side of the V model, which it includes. It highlights the fact of creating a functional model out of requirements engineering, whereby the main function is decomposed into sub-functions that can spread over many hierarchical levels. 

Why has the RFLP-approach been necessary although the V model has been existing Even though the V model has been provided for the development of mechatronics products involving mechanical, software and electrical/electronical engineering, it does not explicitly provide details on creating models as well as model boundaries in its initial form. However, an amelioration of Ott emphasizes systems thinking and traceability [44],... 

Vuillemin et al. describe an application of model based SE for a force lighting issue in the aerospace domain. The challenge to be tackled consists of investigating the system behaviour when two forces acting in the same direction or in opposite directions are applied on a surface. This can be caused among others by errors such as signal conversion errors or by adjustment tolerances [73]. Figure 9.11 depicts a schematic presentation of the system. In order to solve the issue aforementioned, the RFLP approach has been applied. 

Modem IT-system solutions provide the RFLP-approach to present the necessary matrix structure between client and developer view. Properties and functions can visualized with requirements management systems and function modelers. Thereby, the client view can be modeled. For the developer view methods are required which show logical structures (behavior models, block diagrams for draft models) and physical structures (CAD-models, CAE-models and IT systems to manage the prototype parts) (Fig. 19.9). 

Indirect testing approaches are usually applied in those genetic disorders in which the defective gene site is unknown. These tests rely on RFLP probability linkages from family studies to evaluate disease and carrier status. 

The RFLP method requires a sample about 100 times larger than that required for the PCR approach, but with repeated sequences using different restriction enzymes, RFLP is more precise. 

Coimbra et al. proposed a comprehensive approach for molecular serotype determination by using long-range PCR to amplify E. coli O antigen gene clusters, followed by enzymatic restriction (PCR-RFLP). They used Mboll on 148 serogroups and the method proved to be effective for rapid characterization of the known E. coli O serotypes and for the detection of new O serotypes (Coimbra et al., 2000). The... 

There are however difficulties in running multiplex PCR, and it is difficult to differentiate PCR products of approximately the same size in a multiplex PCR or PCR-RFLP gel. However DNA microarrays do not have these problems, and have been used to serotype pathogenic strains and proved to be rapid, reliable and sensitive. The approach involves the immobilization of numerous oligonucleotide DNA probes on a solid support to which fluorescence-labeled amplified target DNA is hybridized, and is a powerful tool for the detection of pathogens by virtue of high throughput, speed and sensitivity. 

Another approach has been to utilize X chromosome RFLP markers that physically undergo changes in methylation associated with inactivation of the X chromosome (35-37). The RFLP marker enables discrimination of each chromosome, while digestion with restriction enzymes that do or do not digest... 

The flashing-time differentiation must function as an important factor in reproductive isolation and speciation, because the flash pattern is strictly related to mating approaches. To elucidate the origin and inter-relationships of these flash types in each species, mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome oxidase II (CO II) gene was surveyed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analyses. The evolutionary history of these species is discussed together with the related species, L. owadai. 

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