Revolutionary measure

A revolutionary measure is a measure which can ensure the success of the revolution. 

The word revolutionary has been misused too often. Generally people say, for example A revolutionary lam must he passed, revolutionary measures must he taken. Do they mean laws or measures which are useful to the revolution They have not said anything. Do they mean measures appropriate only to these particular times They have said something wrong for if a measure was equally good in times of peace and of revolution it would just be a better measure. 

Let us make revolutionary laws, but only to advance the moment when we no longer need them. Let us adopt revolutionary measures, not to prolong the revolution or to shed more blood, but to bring the revolution to fruition and to speed up its conclusion. 

The impact of this new technique, which was called Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS), on the radiocarbon and archaeologist communities, was immediate and revolutionary. The introduction of AMS is indeed recognized by some as the third revolution in radiocarbon dating[22,23] and it has provided the opportunity to date very precious finds by collecting very small samples. The interest in developing the technique of AMS was so evident that, just few years after the measurements cited above, a first dedicated AMS system (based on a tandem accelerator) was designed and built [24] then, the first dedicated... 

Metabolite measurements have been used to assess health for decades, and so metabolomics is not a revolutionary approach to medicine, toxicity or nutri-... 

The cost of Indonesia s revolutionary centralism can also be measured in economic terms. Maddison s comparative figures show Indonesian... 

These revolutionary ideas lead to further neutron measurements of the structure of zeolite A, which have confirmed the correctness of the traditional 4 0 ordering scheme.58 59 Neutron diffraction traces for several samples of a dehydrated Na zeolite A with Si to A1 ratios of 1.03, 1.09 and 1.12 failed to show any rhombohedral distortions similar to those reported in ref. 57, and in each case the data was consistent with a cubic structure.58 Neutron diffraction experiments on a T1 exchanged sample of the same Na zeolite that had shown the rhombohedral distortion in ref. 57 showed that the crystals now had cubic symmetry59 60 and therefore the distortion that had been measured for the Na zeolite A must be very sensitive to the identity of the exchangeable cations. Profile refinement of this neutron data56 57 also showed a pronounced bimodal distribution of the bond lengths as would be predicted by the 4 0 model. In conclusion it appears that the chemical shifts observed in the n.m.r. experiments can be influenced by factors such as local strain, as well as by the local environment of each Si atom. 

Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is revolutionary in the way that it is one of the few spectroscopic techniques that is not based on the direct or indirect measurement of electro-magnetic radiation. It is grounded on the ancient observation of Graham Bell, that the exposure of different solid and liquid substances to a rapidly interrupted beam of light results in the emission of acoustic energy at the same frequency as that at which the incident radiation was modulated. 

The absolute frequency of the fundamental IS — 2S transition in atomic hydrogen has now been measured to 1.8 parts in 1014, an improvement by a factor of 104 in the past twelve years. This improvement was made possible by a revolutionary new approach to optical frequency metrology with the regularly spaced frequency comb of a mode locked femto-second multiple pulsed laser broadened in a non-linear optical fiber. Optical frequency measurement and coherent mixing experiments have now superseded microwave determination of the 2S Lamb shift and have led to improved values of the fundamental constants, tests of the time variation of the fine structure constant, tests of cosmological variability of the electron-to-proton mass ratio and tests of QED by measurement of g — 2 for the electron and muon. 

Kirwan s measurement of affinities, which won him the Copley Medal of the Royal Society, was directly stimulated by Guyton s work. " The three papers he presented to the Royal Society contained a number of innovations that lasting effects on European chemistry. Though Kirwan usually emerges in the historiography of the Chemical Revolution as a loser who supported the phlogiston theory, his focus on the saturation capacity of acids and bases as the true measure of affinities opened a new frontier of analytic chemistry which developed into nineteenth-century stoichiometry. He also tapped the true revolutionary potential of pneumatic chemistry by enlisting marine acid air as the... 

This technique allows scientists to determine the masses of huge molecules. So far researchers have measured proteins with masses up to 350,000 daltons (1 dalton is equal to 1 atomic mass unit). This method probably will be extended to even larger molecules such as DNA and could be a revolutionary development in the characterization of biomolecules. ... 

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