Reverse osmosis landfill leachates treatment

Landau-Fermi liquid, 23 840 Landau quasiparticle model, 23 840 Land cost, 9 527 Landering, 8 438-439 Land-farming, 3 768 defined, 3 759t Landfill gas, 25 880 Landfill leachate treatment, reverse osmosis in, 21 646-647 Landfill liners, 25 877-878... 

While reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration were being established in several applications, there was a lack of available membranes with cutoffs between 400 and 4000 g/mol. Increasing interest in NF membranes developed in the last decade. An extensive review on principles and applications of nanofiltration has been published recently [38]. Nanofiltration is important for water softening [39] and removal of organic contaminants. In the food industry, nanofiltration can be applied for concentration and demineralization of whey, concentration of sugar and juice. Nanofiltration also finds application in the pulp and paper industry, in the concentration of textile dye effluents and in landfill leachate treatment. The improvement of solvent stabihty of available NF membranes opens a wide range of potential applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry as weU as in metal and acid recovery. 

Peters, X.A., Effective treatment of landfill leachate. Clear water yields of more than 95% with DX module technique for reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, Umwelt-Technol AktuelL, 26, 42, 1996. 

Th.A. Peters, Purification of landfill leachate with reverse osmosis and D-T module, in A. Caetano (Ed.), Membrane Technology Applications to Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, 1995, p. 175. 

Linde K, Jonsson AS and Wimmerstedt R (1995), Treatment of three types of landfill leachate with reverse osmosis. Desalination, 101,21-30. 

Reverse osmosis is used full scale for the treatment of landfill leachates (Linde et al., 1995). The RO retentate can be recycled to the landfill either directly or after evaporation. If this is not allowed, as is the case in Germany, more expensive solutions are to be found for the concentrate (Melin et al., 2005). A possible treatment method is activated carbon adsorption/oxidation, patented as Biomembrat-Plus, or even the combination of high-pressure RO, a crystallizer, and NF (Melin et al., 2005). 

---