Retrograde labeling

FIGURE 6. Histogram shows the nunber of retrogradely labeled neurons in the DR and MR nuclei in PCA-treated animals and in controls... 

NOTE Retrogradely labeled cells were counted after a fluorescent dye was injected in... 

JLosbash What about the melanopsin-containing retrogradely labelled cells, compared with the cryptochrome-containing cells ... 

Shipley MT Transport of molecules from nose to brain transneuronal anterograde and retrograde labeling in the rat olfactory system by wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase applied to the nasal epithelium. Brain Res Bull 15 129-142, 1985... 

Fig. 1. Representative fluorescent photomicrographs of retinal whole mounts showing the loss of Fluorogold (FG)-labeled RGCs in ischemic retina of rat. RGCs were retrogradely labeled with the fluorescent dye FG injected, under stereotaxic guidance, bilaterally into the superior colliculus of a rat 4 days after 50 min ischemia and sacrificed after additional 4 days. Obvious reduction of FG-labeled RGCs is evident in the retina undergone ischemia/reperfusion (panel B) as compared to the contralateral, nonischemic, retina (panel A). Photomicrographs were obtained from the peripheral area of the superior quadrant of the retina. Scale bar 50 fim.

Double retrograde labeling of the VTA neurons from the frontal cortex, lateral septum, NAc, CPu and lateral habenula did not point out a highly divergent collateralization of VTA neurons (Albanese and Minciacchi, 1983). VTA neurons bifurcating to more than one target did not seem to exceed 10% of the total labeled population, and were relatively numerous when the injections were placed in the frontal cortex, lateral septum or lateral habenula (see also Section 8.2). 

Retrograde labeling from the frontal cortex combined with catecholamine histofluor-escence in rat indicated that the vast majority (up to 90%) of VTA-frontal cells were catecholaminergic (Albanese and Bentivoglio, 1982), but different proportions were obtained in other studies (see Fallon and Loughlin, 1985). 

Skirboll L, Hokfelt T, Norell G, Phillipson O, Kuypers HGJM, Bentivoglio M, Catsman-Berrevoets CF, Visser TJ, Steinbusch H, Verhofstad A, Cuello AC, Goldstein M, Brownstein M (1984) A method for specific transmitter identification of retrogradely labeled neurons immunofluorescence combined with fluorescence tracing. Brain Res Rev 5 99-127. 

Haring JH, Davis JN (1985) Retrograde labeling of locus coeruleus neurons after lesion-induced sprouting of the coeruleohippocam-pal projection. Brain Res 360 384—388. 

Swanson LW, Sawchenko PE, Cowan WM (1981) Evidence for collateral projections by neurons in Ammon s hom, the dentate gyrus, and the subiculum A multiple retrograde labeling study in the rat. J Neurosci 1 548-559. 

Salazar I, Brennan PA (2001) Retrograde labelling of mitral/tufted cells in the mouse accessory olfactory bulb following local injections of the lipophilic tracer Dil into the vomeronasal amygdala. Brain Res 896 198-203... 

Biochemical studies and retrograde labeling with D-[ H]aspartate provide strong evidence for an excitatory amino acid as transmitter in the corticofugal input to the spinal cord (Storm-Mathisen and Ottersen, 1988 Rustioni and Weinberg, 1989 Fig. 4). That Glu serves as a corticospinal neurotransmitter is further supported by the presence of high levels of Glu in corticospinal terminals in the dorsal horn (Valtschanoff et al., 1993). 

Barbaresi P, Fabri M, Conti F, Manzoni T (1987) d-[ H] Aspartate retrograde labeling of callosal and association neurones of somatosensory areas I and II of cats. J Comp Neurol 263 159-187. 

Llewellyn-Smith IJ, Phend KD, Minson JB, Pilowsky PM, Chalmers JP (1992) Glutamate-immunoreactive synapses on retrogradely labelled sympathetic preganglionic neurons in rat thoracic spinal cord. Brain Res... 

Matute C, Streit P (1985) Selective retrograde labeling with D-[ H]aspartate in afferents to the mammalian superior colliculus. J Comp Neurol 297 34-49. 

Parent A, Smith Y (1987) Organization of efferent projections of the subthalamic nucleus in the squirrel monkey as revealed by retrograde labeling methods. Brain Res 4.(6 296-310. 

Streit P (1980) Selective retrograde labeling indicating the transmitter of neuronal pathways. J Comp Neurol /9/ 429-463. 

Wiklund L, Toggenburger G, Cuenod M (1984) Selective retrograde labelling of the rat olivocerebellar climbing fiber system with D-[ H]asparate. Neuroscience 75 441-468. 

Fig. 109. Histograms of the maximum soma diameters of neurons of the cerebellar nuclei of the cat retrogradely labelled with HRP from injection sites in A the thalamus (VL), B the inferior olive (lO), and C the cerebellar cortex (CbS). D is a histogram of the overall size distribution of neurons in the cerebellar nuclei. Note that cerebellothalamic and nucleocortical projections arise from a heterogeneous population of neurons whose diameters correspond to the size spectrum of neurons present in the deep nuclei, whereas the cerebello-olivary pathway arises from a specific population of small neurons. Tolbert et al. (1978a).

The size of the nucleocortical cells in the cat follows the same frequency distribution as the central nuclear cells as a whole and as the neurons that could be retrogradely labelled from the thalamus (Fig. 109). Single neurons, intracellularly stained with HRP, with axons leaving the central nuclei in the superior cerebellar peduncle, were shown to emit collaterals, that could be traced to the cerebellar cortex (McCrea et al., 1978). Antidromic invasion and collision experiments (Tolbert et al., 1977, 1978a) also favoured a collateral origin of the nucleocortical fibers from projection neurons. 

Fig. 112. Retrograde transport of [ HJcholine (A,B) to perikarya (arrow-heads) in medial part of nucleus interpositus (Int) or in lateral cerebellar nucleus (LatC) and of wheat germ agglutinin-coupled HRP (E,F), but absence of retrogradely labelled elements in corresponding regions after application of D-pH]aspartate to the red nucleus (C,D), Rat, bright-field (A,E) as well as dark-field (B,F) illumination. Cresyl violet counterstaining. Bars = 0.5 mm. Bernays et al. (1988).

Fig. 123. Diagram of the corticonuclear projection in the cat. Based on retrograde labelling of Purkinje cells and their axons after injections of HRP in their target nuclei. A = A zone A = Anterior interposed nucleus ANS = ansiform lobule B = B zone C1-C3 = C1-C3 zones CRII = crus II of the ansiform lobule D1-D2 = D1-D2 zones DV = descendng vestibular nucleus F = fastigial nucleus FLOC = flocculus IP = posterior interposed nucleus L = lateral eerebellar nucleus LOB POST = posterior lobe LOB ANT = anterior lobe LV = Deiters nucleus MVmc = magnocellular medial vestibular nucleus MVpc = parvicellular medial vestibular nucleus PFL = paraflocculus PFLD = dorsal paraflocculus PFLV = ventral paraflocculus PMED = paramedian lobule SV = superior vestibular nucleus I-X = lobules I-X. Bigare (1980).

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