Respiration component

The ability to use equipment while wearing a respirator has already been mentioned. The problem is that the respirator s bulk can obstruct the wearer s access to other equipment, particularly equipment that comes into direct contact with parts of the respirator. The main respirator components involved are the eyepieces/visor and the filter canister(s), and the main pieces of equipment are shoulder-held and fired weapons, optical equipment, such as weapon sights, binoculars, night vision aids, and communications equipment. 

Exposure to contaminants can damage respirator components, even after they have been cleaned and put in storage, due to permeation of chemicals into the materials of which they are made. An examination oftheunits should bemade each time they are worn and a carefulcheck made on a definite schedule. This is important foralltypes ofunits,but especially forthose which are intended to be used in unusually hazardous applications. Records should be kept of all maintenance. 

D. When the cleaner used does not contain a disinfecting agent, respirator components should be immersed for two minutes in one of the following ... 

Medical respirator components Milking machine components Electrical switches... 

The ready reversibility of this reaction is essential to the role that qumones play in cellular respiration the process by which an organism uses molecular oxygen to convert Its food to carbon dioxide water and energy Electrons are not transferred directly from the substrate molecule to oxygen but instead are transferred by way of an electron trans port chain involving a succession of oxidation-reduction reactions A key component of this electron transport chain is the substance known as ubiquinone or coenzyme Q... 

I onsucrose Components from Storage or Damag e of Beets. Some nonsucrose components are associated with the conditions under which the beets have been stored prior to processing, as respiration products or products of microbial attack In either case they direcdy and indirectly reduce sucrose yield and may cause other processing problems. Glucose and fmctose have already been discussed and can derive from either source. 

As a coen2yme component in tissue oxidation—reduction and respiration, riboflavin is distributed in some degree in virtually aU naturally occurring foods. Liver, heart, kidney, milk, eggs, lean meats, malted barley, and fresh leafy vegetables are particularly good sources of riboflavin (see Table 1). It does not seem to have long stabiUty in food products (8). 

Black smoke (BS) is a particulate measure that typically contains at least 50% respirable particulates smaller than 4.5 mm in aerodynamic diameter, sampled by the British smokeshade (BS) method. The reflectance of light is measured by the darkness of the stain caused by particulates on a white filter paper. The result of BS sampling depends on the density of the stain and the optical properties of the particulates. Because the method is based on reflectance from elemental carbon, its use is recommended in areas where coal smoke from domestic fires is the dominant component of ambient particulates. 

FIGURE 9-19. Typical components of a powered air purifying respirator. Photo Courtesy 3M... 

Almost all aquatic organisms rely on the presence of dissolved oxygen for respiration. Although oxygen is nonpolar, it is very slightly soluble in water and the extent to which it dissolves depends on its pressure. We have already seen (in Section 4.2) that the pressure of a gas arises from the impacts of its molecules. When a gas is introduced into the same container as a liquid, the gas molecules can burrow into the liquid like meteorites plunging into the ocean. Because the number of impacts increases as the pressure of a gas increases, we should expect the solubility of the gas—its molar concentration when the dissolved gas is in dynamic equilibrium with the free gas—to increase as its pressure increases. If the gas above the liquid is a mixture (like air), then the solubility of each component depends on that component s partial pressure (Fig. 8.21). 

The collection of air samples using air tubes and/or filters is of value during the course of the field research when performing SDDBM studies. The air tube/air filter data can be used to estimate the portion of the total body burden, which originates from respiratory exposure to the active ingredient. Of course, if an organic vapor respirator is used by the worker as a matter of course, the respiratory exposure component should be backed out of the final exposure calculation. 

Gauldie J. Inflammatory mechanisms are a minor component of the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 165(9) 1205-1206. 

---