Resources of the Southern Fields and

FIGURE 2.2. Francis Peyre Porcher was from one of the prominent families of Charleston, South Carolina. Fils Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests was the basis for the Confederacy s indigenous supply table, and is today considered a classic of American medical botany. Photo courtesy of the Waring Historical Library, Medical University of South Carolina. 

Although these random sources of drug substitutes were often tried and abandoned, the one quasi-official source was Francis Peyre Porcher s (1824-1895) Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests. Moore actually commissioned the South Carolina physician to prepare a work of indigenous plant-drug substitutes, and even years later... 

Much reliable information on this subject may be obtained from the work on Medical Botany, entitled Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests, prepared by Surgeon F. P. Porcher, P. A. C. S., under instructions from this office. 

A Selected List of Medicinal Substances from Porcher s Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests... 

See, for example, Frank R. Freemon, Microbes and Minnie Balls An Annotated Bibliography of Civil War Medicine (Rutherford, NJ Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1993). Freeman claims that Porcher s Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests contains nothing of modern medical importance (p. 112). Similarly, see Norman Franke, Medico-Pharmaceutical Conditions and Drug Supply in the Confederate States of America, 1861-1865, (Unpublished PhD dissertation. 

One final resource specific to the Confederacy should be mentioned it is the enormously valuable Documenting the American South Web site of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where many extremely helpful primary sources are available full-text, online. Circulars, reports, and handbooks from the Surgeon General s Office are available, including Francis Peyre Porcher s Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests (Charleston, SC Evans and Cogswell, 1863). 

The loose term renewable resources adhesives has been used to identify polymerie eom-pounds of natural, vegetable origin that have been modified and/or adapted to the same use as some classes of purely synthetic adhesives [1]. At present two classes of these adhesives exist one already extensively commercialized in the southern hemisphere and the other on the slow way to commercialization. These two types of resins are tannin-based adhesives [2] and lignin adhesives [3 ]. Both types are aimed primarily at substituting synthetic phenolic resins. In some aspects, such as performance, they closely mimic, or are even superior to, synthetic phenolic adhesives, while in others they behave in a vastly different manner from their synthetic counterparts. In this chapter we focus primarily on tannin-based adhesives because they have already been in extensive industrial use in the southern hemisphere, in certain fields of application, for the past 20 years. These adhesives are of some interest not only for their excellent performance in some applications but also for their mostly environmentally friendly composition. Lignin adhesives are treated briefly here and in detail in Chap. 28. 

Oil Fields. Oil field waters in the United States containing lithium have been identified in 10 states. The greatest concentrations are in waters from the Smackover formation of southern Arkansas and eastern Texas. Concentrations from this formation have been measured from 300—600 ppm in waters originating at a 2500—3300 m depth. Recovery of lithium from this resource would only be commercially feasible if a selective extraction technique could be developed. Lithium as a by-product of the recovery of petroleum (qv), bromine (qv), or other chemicals remains to be exploited (12). 

Because most of the world s phosphate resources are marine phosphorites, the uranium content of phosphate products is relatively uniform, ranging from 60 to 130 ppm. The phosphate product from the principal phosphate-producing fields of central and southern Florida (U.S.A.), Morocco, Idaho and Utah (U.S.A.), the Western Sahara, Mexico, Jordan, eastern Florida (U.S.A.), Peru and Iraq has a relatively uniform concentration of 100-120ppm uranium. Other major phos-... 

Since 2012, Dr. Bundschuh has been professor in hydrogeology at the University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia where he is working in the wide field of water resources and low/middle enthalpy geothermal resources, water and wastewater treatment and sustainable and renewable energy resources. In November 2012, Prof. Bundschuh was appointed as president of the newly established Australian Chapter of the International Medical Geology Association (IMGA). 

---