Resonators devices

Sumetsky, M., Optimization of optical ring resonator devices for sensing applications, Opt. Lett. 2007, 32, 2577 2579... 

All the most relevant transducers such as MOSFET, CMOS, Surface Plasmon Resonance device, Optical Fibre, ISFET, will be covered in some detail including their intrinsic operating mechanisms and showing their limitation and performance. Shrinking effects of these transducers will also be commented on. 

L. Prkna, Rotationally symmetric resonant devices in integrated optics, PhD thesis, (Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, 2004). 

Fig. 2 Surface plasmon resonance device in the Kretschmann configuration, so is the refractive index of prism, ei is the refractive index of thin metal film (usually Au or Ag), 62 is the refractive index of air, and 0 represents the critical angle...

Microwave resonant devices these operate between 0.5 and 50 GHz and require stabilities of better than +0.05% over the operational temperature range with dissipation factors better than 2 x 10 4. 

Several low temperature-coefficient materials have been characterized for AW applications. The ST and AT cuts of quartz provide nominal zero temperature coefficients near room temperature for SAW and TSM resonator devices, re-... 

Roy, S., Mcllwain, A.K., DeAnna, R.G., Fleischman, A.J., Burla, R.K., Zorman, C.A., and Mehregany, M., 2000. SiC resonant devices for high Q and high temperature applications, Proceedings of the Hilton Head Solid State Sensor and Actuator Workshop, Hilton Head. SC, p. 22. 

As has been pointed out above, a laser basically consists of an active material and a resonator. The latter enables the build-up of certain resonant modes and essentially determines the lasing characteristics. In most conventional devices, the optical feedback is provided by an external cavity with two end mirrors forming the resonator. With the advent of polymers as active materials, various new feedback structures were invented. Initially, a microcavity resonator device of the type shown schematically in Fig. 6.13 a was employed [48]. 

Mass-senstitive acoustic and optical transducers belong to the first group of sensors as depicted in Scheme 1. These sensors detect mass accumulation via a change in oscillation frequency, like the quartz crystal microbalance, or via a change in certain optical parameters, like the refractive index in surface plasmon resonance devices. 

Detailed explanations of the operation of TSM resonator devices have been given elsewhere [1,12] here, we summarize the principles in only as much detail as required to understand their capabilities and limitations in the electrochemical context. As a complement to the above electronically oriented descriptions, Kanazawa s physical model [13] is extremely helpful in visualizing the mechanical aspects. 

These biosensors utilize the optical properties of lasers to monitor and quantify the interactions of biomolecules that occur on functionalized surfaces or in solutions. They are further subdivided into evanescent field-based devices [5], photonic crystal devices [6], and surface plasmon resonance devices [7]. 

High-frequency transformers and resonant devices These include various transducers, sonar devices, ultrasonic cleaners, ultrasonic welders, filters, transformers, delay lines, and test-heads for nondestructive testing. Such devices operate at working frequencies ranging from kilohertz to megahertz. 

Surface Plasmon Resonance Device Piezoelectric Devices... 

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