Resonance frequency, detuning

We assume that tlie light field is detuned to tlie red of tire J —> J atomic resonance frequency. 

Fig. 2.5. Examples of single-molecule spectral diffusion for pentacene in p-terphenyl at 1.5 K. (A) A series of fluorescence excitation spectra each 2.5 s in duration spaced by 0.25 s showing discontinuous shifts in resonance frequency, with zero detuning = 592.546 nm. (B) Trend or trajectory of the resonance freqnency over a long time scale for the molecule in (a). For details, see [34]...

The charge yield (shown on the plots 3 and 4) is related to the mean field that detunes the dot level from the resonance. The detuning also includes the frequency shifts due to the bonding interaction in the harmonic approximation near the potential minimum. The use of the Lennard-Jones potential could be made at longer distances, where the attraction to the surface is created by the van der Waals or Casimir-Polder potentials. This "spontaneous" interaction is relevant for the shuttle with a large amplitude of vibrations close to electrodes surfaces. 

Noise and vibration measurements are made with microphones and accelerometers. Sometimes, sophisticated instruments like laser vibrometers are used for NVH work. Common noise fixes include cutting slots and/or chamfers on the brake pads and linings, the application of constrained layer damping noise insulators to the back of the brake pad shoe plates, and detuning the resonant frequency of mechanical brake corner components. 

It should be mentioned that in cases where one of the heteronuclei is F, D or Li. the use of designated triple-resonance probe heads for "X, Y correlations can be avoided, and standard equipment may be used. The resonance frequency of F is far outside the range of other heteronuclei, but close to the H frequency, so that F, "X correlations can frequently be performed by detuning the proton coil of a standard multinuclear probe head. Even if this procedure may result in longer pulses and some loss of sensitivity for experiments with F detection, many experiments are still practicable due to the high receptivity of fluorine. Of course, experiments with this set-up... 

The first successful experimental realization of squeezing was reported by Slusher and coworkers [1335], who used the four-wave mixing in a Na-atomic beam as nonlinear process (Fig. 9.99). The Na atoms are pumped by a dye laser at the frequency coi = co )8, which is slightly detuned from the resonance frequency coq. In order to increase the pump power, the Na beam is placed inside an optical resonator tuned to the pump frequency co]. Because of parametric processes (Vol. 1, Sect. 6.7) of the two pump waves (coi, A l) inside the resonator, new waves at u)l are generated at this four-wave mixing process (signal and idler wave). Conservation of energy and momentum demands... 

Fig. 9.14 Current and voltage distributions along a straight dipole for the fundamental and second harmonic modes. Capacitive plates placed at the ends will detune both modes downward in frequency. However, if placed where the voltage of the second harmonic is zero, no change in resonant frequency will take place. However, the fundamental mode will still be...

This effect, which had been predicted by quantum electrodynamics, can intuitively be understood as follows in the resonant case, that part of the thermal radiation field that is in the resonant cavity mode can contribute to stimulated emission in the transition ) n — ), resulting in a shortening of the lifetime (Sect. 11.3). For the detuned cavity the fluorescence photon does not fit into the resonator. The boundary conditions impede the emission of the photon. If the rate dN/dt of atoms in the level n) behind the resonator is measured as a function of the cavity resonance frequency cu, a minimum rate is measured for the resonance case co = coo (Fig. 14.49). 

Without the medium inside the cavity the phase shift is given by O = AA / c, where A = o)p-0 is the frequency detuning from the cavity resonant frequency 6)q and c is the speed of light in vacuum. The empty cavity linewidth [full width at half maximum (FWHM)] is... 

EIT resonance both the linear and nonlinear refractive indices have very sharp slopes but with opposite signs. Figure 4 shows the derivatives of the linear and nonlinear refractive indices as a function of the probe frequency detuning [16], At small probe frequency detuing, the linear dispersion is normal and positive while the nonlinear dispersion is anomalous and negative. This sensitive dependence on probe frequency detuning can be used to obtain the desired dispersion... 

Rabi frequeney of the eoupling laser and result in two transition paths ( l> +> and 1>—> ->) for the probe laser (Fig. 1(b)). On the resonance frequency of the bare state transition 1> —> 3>, the quantum interferenee between the two transition paths is destructive due to the opposite frequency detuning and leads to the suppression of the probe light absorption, rendering the three-level atomic medium transparent to the probe laser. Since the two transitions are linear and are connected by the same probe laser field, the quantum interference is independent of the probe laser phase and is destructive only. 

Fig. 3 plots the calculated signal light transmission versus the frequency detuning As under the condition of the symmetric resonant excitations, i.e. Aj =Vj — V32 and... 

The intensity transmission of the weak probe laser versus the frequency detuning (Ac=As) are plotted in Fig. 9. Fig. 9 (a) presents the measurement without the control field and represents the EIT manifested absorption spectra in the four-level system observed before [39]. The light transmission spectrum with both the signal and control fields present is plotted in Fig. 9(b), which shows that the absorption at the resonance (Ap=Ac=0) is suppressed by the destructive interference, which results in simultaneous EIT for both the signal field and the control field. 

The dynamic capacitance of the resonator Q is determined by measuring two frequency detunings. The different detunings result from connection of two different external capacitances Cji and Cj2 in series with the resonator. The measurement method is described in detail by Zelenka (1986). If the resonator Q factor satisfies the inequality... 

The presence of the human body affects the performance of on-body antennas due to the high permittivity and loss of the biological tissues (Lee et al., 2011 Wang et al., 2014). Major effects include detuning of the antenna s resonance frequency, and radiation shadowing. 

Fig. 2.5 Coherent oscillations of the excited-level popnlation in an ideal, relaxation-free two-level system in a resonant laser-light field switched on at the moment t = 0, at various values of the detuning A of the field frequency cv from the exact resonance frequency ivo- (1) A = oj - u>o = 0 (2) A = dE/h and (3) A = 3dE/h.

The narrow curve of reversed sign is due to the refractive-index dispersion in the saturated absorption region. The maximum dispersion value here is reached at a frequency detuning equal to the half-width of the narrow saturated absorption resonance ... 

An atomic system can be prepared in a superposition state by using the Raman two-photon resonance phenomenon in a two-frequency hght field (Fig. 4.7(a)), with its frequencies and W2 detuned relative to the exact resonance frequencies, to provide for the Raman detuning <5r ... 

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