Resistance multiplicative factor

The insulin resistance that is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus is thought to arise from multiple factors. Of the putative contributing factors listed below, which is likely to be the most direct contributor to the disease ... 

Hedin, P.A. et al.. Multiple factors in cotton contributing to resistance to the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens F., in Plant Resistance to Insects, Heden, P.A., Ed., American Chemical Society, Washington, 1983, 347. 

Multiple Factors in Cotton Contributing to Resistance to the Tobacco Budworm, Heliothis virescens F. 

From the preceding. It appears that chemical resistance In cotton to Hellothls Insects Is due to multiple factors. 

Different lines, each with Insect resistance, may possess different ratios of antibiotic compounds. Thus, It may be possible to Increase resistance by crossing lines where each contributes genes for biosynthesis of different antibiotic compounds. The tobacco budworm was selected for study In preference to the cotton bollworm because It Is easier to rear and use In the laboratory, Is more resistant to Insecticides In the field, and It Is approximately as susceptible to cotton constituents Incorporated In laboratory diets (14). This present study was carried out to Identify and analyze for cotton constituents that were toxic In laboratory feeding tests, and to determine whether there were positive correlations of their content In leaves and/or other tissue with field resistance. From this Information, the generation of lines with multiple factors for resistance could be Initiated. 

The epithelium, the most superficial cellular layer of the cornea of the eye, is chemically less resistant than the keratinized epidermis of the skin. However, during ocular accidents, we know that it takes a few seconds for the first lesions to appear. This delay is bound to multiple factors, winking reflex, protective and diluting effect of the lachrymal liquid, effect of sweeping of the palpebral movements. After a short period, a kinetic of diffusion will set up in a variable way according to the nature of the corrosive. 

Resisting vascular wall cell migration and hyperplasia. Vascular EC can be induced to resist SMC invasion. For this mechanism, besides the functions of EC-produced multiple factors, EC itself is also capable of migration with the cue of migrating factors secreted by platelets or leukocytes and the shear stress by blood flow. EC migration usually accompanies proliferation, which frequently relates to new vascular formation or defective vascular regeneration [100,101]. 

This isothermal bulk modulus (Kj) measured by static compression differs slightly from the aforementioned adiabatic bulk modulus (X5) defining seismic velocities in that the former (Kj) describes resistance to compression at constant temperature, such as is the case in a laboratory device in which a sample is slowly compressed in contact with a large thermal reservoir such as the atmosphere. The latter (X5), alternatively describes resistance to compression under adiabatic conditions, such as those pertaining when passage of a seismic wave causes compression (and relaxation) on a time-scale that is short compared to that of thermal conduction. Thus, the adiabatic bulk modulus generally exceeds the isothermal value (usually by a few percent), because it is more difihcult to compress a material whose temperature rises upon compression than one which is allowed to conduct away any such excess heat, as described by a simple multiplicative factor Kg = Kp(l + Tay), where a is the volumetric coefficient of thermal expansion and y is the thermodynamic Griineisen parameter. 

Coronary blood flow is influenced by multiple factors however, the caliber of the resistance vessels delivering blood to the myocardium and MVO2 are the prime determinants in the occurrence of ischemia. The anatomy of the vascular bed will affect oxygen supply and, subsequently, myocardial metabolism and mechanical function. 

Not all v/oods i< y show a predisposition to invasion by disease pathogens and insects. As Scheffer and Cowling (51.) pointed out, woods do vary in the extent to which they will inherently resist heartwood decay. Certain types of oak and redwood are resistant to decay while some pines, birches and hickories are slightly or not resistant to heartwood decay. Two of the members of this slightly or not resistant decay category did show surface deterioration in work done by Banks et al. (49). It seems feasible that wood from these trees could be affected by acid rain and possibly other pollutants in combination with light and water. The result of this multiple factor interaction may then be impacted by insects or diseases. 

The feasibility of using these antinutritive plant systems as multiple-factor/multiple-mechanism resistance against noctuid larvae remains to be determined. It is possible that such a multiple onslaught against nutrient acquisition is redundant. In other words, perhaps merely the use of PPO and chlorogenic acid is sufficient. It also remains to be determined whether this proposed multiple-factor/multiple-mechanism of resistance renders the insects detoxicative systems more susceptible to traditional control tactics, and whether the evolution of resistance to such multiple antinutritive factors is more difficult than to insecticides. 

CAUSES. The basic causes of peptic ulcers remain obscure. It is known that physiologically there is a disturbance in the acid-pepsin secretion and the tissue resistance of the digestive tract lining. Other factors, such as chemicals, heredity, and emotions also seem involved in some cases. Hence, peptic ulcers are likely to be caused by multiple factors. 

Adopting internal coherence and external plausibility as the main criteria informing asylum decisions, however, can be problematic. Evidence in medical and anthropological research, for example, shows that torture victims may find it unbearably hard to teU their story of persecution in court as the physical pain of torture does not simply resist language but actively destroys it (Scarry 1985 4). It also demonstrates that there are multiple factors that may affect the capacity of victims of violence, rape, and traumatic events to recount their past experiences in court in a linear, accurate. 

The listed factor is the multiplication factor, which has to be apphed on the cone resistance reading in the carbonate sands. After applying this factor, the standard relative density correlations for quartz sand can be adopted. 

Table C.3 Multiplication factor cone resistance for carbonate sands.

There is a series of preferred values for each tolerance level, as shown in Table 3.4, so that every possible numerical value is covered. Table 3.4 indicates the values between 10 and 100, but larger values can be obtained by multiplying these preferred values by some multiplication factor. Resistance values of 470, 4700, 4.7 kO, 470kO, 4.7 M O, etc. are available in this way. 

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