Resistance distribution

Considering this chain of electrical resistors, we should take into account the influence of the binder (dielectric) effecting on all the above contact resistances in the circuit and increasing their value (Rb). Evidently, the main influence on the ESR of electrode is this circuit because of a big number of contact resistances distributed in the bulk of the electrode. 

Current, Species, and High-Frequency Resistance Distribution Measurements... 

Localized AC impedance and current distributions were measured by Brett et al." on a single linear channel with the segmented cathode current collector plate. Figure 26 shows their measured current density and membrane resistance distributions along the... 

Global Status and Importance of Herbicide Resistance Distribution of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds... 

Keiser et al.164 first showed that the more occluded the shape of the pore, the more distorted the impedance locus from the ideal capacitive behavior. However, the pore shapes in real system turn out to be much complicated and thus a straightforward analytical calculation is not usually possible of the overall impedance for those complicated pores. In connection with this problem, the fractal geometry has given a powerful tool for the analysis of the CPE behavior of the porous electrode. A number of theoretical papers166,179 191 have devoted to investigate the relationship between the fractal geometry of the electrode and the CPE impedance on the basis of the electrolytic resistive distribution due to the surface irregularity. 

In both cases the electric potential distribution recorded by the receiver electrodes is used to map the spatial resistivity distribution of the rock formation. The main limitation of the resistivity method is that direct current cannot penetrate through resistive formations. Electromagnetic induction methods, based on transient electromagnetic fields, overcome this difficulty because a transient field can easily propagate through resistors like a radiowave propagates in the air. At the same time,... 

Using the method shown in Fig.8, the electrical resistivity distribution was measured automatedly at the room temperature. To make boundary effect prominent, we prepared a SiGe specimen consisting of two phases of a large difference in doping concentration 0.027B and 0.58B. 

When solving problems with a complicated resistivity distribution, either in a horizontal or vertical direction, it is often appropriate to apply the so-called method of shells. This approach has two merits, namely ... 

The density of vortex currents in the external area does not depend on the resistivity distribution within the internal area, that is, interaction of two currents, located in both areas, can be neglected. 

It is obvious that with an increase of the probe length the depth of investigation also increases, that is, the probe becomes more sensitive to removed parts of a medium. For this reason the skin effect display is more noticeable for longer probes regardless of the character of the resistivity distribution within the borehole and the invasion zone. 

Determination of route is from the inlet shaft through air location to return all flow route without wellhead installation drag facilities a flow line, it can control the whole network of a ventilation system, and can facilitate the understanding of all kinds of roadway resistance distribution. 

Mine each air shaft system resistance distribution analysis... 

Results can be achieved through determination of the whole mine ventilation resistance and resistance distribution figures ... 

Zheng, J. P, and Z. N. Jiang. 2006. Resistance distribution in electrochemical capacitors with spiral-wound structure. Journal of Power Sources 156 748-754. 

Figure 4.26 Body segment resistance distribution (no skin contribution, no current constriction). Values presented are as found with a four-electrode technique 500 Q is a one-finger contribution. Linear values according to Eq. 2.2 are not very dependent on current density levels.

Initially, the lead field is often unknown, but may be found by finite element method (FEM) modeling (Section 6.5) to the extent that the volume dimensions and resistivity distribution are known. The lead field illustrates the sensitivity distribution of the PU electrodes for CC electrodes or biological processes somewhere in the finite volume. 

ABSTRACT A residual reUabiUty radices of particular and structural members of existing structures subjected to extreme service and climate actions are considered. Time-dependent structural safety margins of particular members and their modifications as stochastic finite sequences are discussed. The primary and revised instantaneous and long-term survival probabilities of members exposed to one and two extreme action effects are analyzed. The revised survival probabdity prediction of members during their residual service life is based on the concepts of truncated resistance distributions and Bayesian statistical approaches. The calculation of revised reliability indices of members is demonstrated by the munerical example. 

According to Equation (28), the conversional factor of truncated resistance distributions of slabs exposed to short-term overloading is equal to... 

Quantification of the internal resistance distribution of microbial fuel cells. Environ. Sci. Technd., 42 (21), 8101-8107. 

During the last years tomography has obtained intensive research to characterise multiphase flows (Fransolet et al. 2001). EIT is a non-invasive technique that applies to opaque dispersions. In EIT experiments resistivities are measured between the electrodes that cover the part of the walls of the vessel. The continuous phase must be conductive and the difference in conductivity between the continuous phase and the dispersed phase must be distinct. The resistivity distributions are reconstructed to produce three-dimensional images of the resistivity field. Tomography techniques are relatively slow compared to the time scale of flow in a mixed tank so it is not suitable for the determination of BSDs. 

Gas hold-ups were determined from the EIT reconstructions by using the resistivity distribution of continuous phase as a reference. Gas-liquid resistivity distributions were compared to the reference and three-dimensional images were formed.If resistivity is assumed to depend linearly on the gas hold-up, relative differences in gas hold-up are obtained from EIT results between the various locations. Actually, the relation between the conductivity and the gas hold-up is slightly non-linear (Mwambela and Johansen 2001) and therefore calibration experiments are needed to determine gas volume density distributions. Due to the fluctuating nature of gas-liquid flow some abnormal resistivity distributions were obtained with EIT and the averaging of several experiments is necessary to get accurate resistivity fields from the mixed tank. Abnormal resistivity distributions were also found at the boundaries like at the liquid surface and the bottom of the tank. 

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