Resist materials optical resists

Lanthamun is widely used in many fields, such as catalytic materials, piezoelectric materials, electric materials, thermoelectric materials, magneto resistive materials, luminescent materials (blue powder), hydrogen storage materials, optical glass, laser materials, and a variety of alloys materials and so on. In addition, many scientists assigned the role of lanthanum on crops as the "super calcium". This chapter mainly discusses the application of lanthanum in the field of catalytic materials. To date, lanthanum in the application of catalytic materials is mainly used as some components of the catalysts or additives to promote the catalytic properties. As a single lanthanum, the catalytic activity is... 

Polymer/sihca composite blends, not only improve the physical properties, snch as the mechanical properties and thermal properties of the materials, but they can also exhibit some unique properties that have attracted strong interest in many industries. Besides common plastics and rubber reinforcanent, many other potential and practical applications of this type of nanocomposites have been reported coatings, flame-retardant materials, optical devices, electronics and optical packaging materials, photo resist materials, photo-luminescent conducting film, per-vaporation membrane, ultra-permeable reverse-selective membranes, proton exchange membranes, grouting materials, sensors and materials for metal uptake, etc. As for the colloidal polymer/sihca nanocomposites with various morphologies, they usually exhibit enhanced, even novel, properties when compared with the traditional nanocomposites and have many potential applications in various areas. 

The advantages of miniaturization are now being exploited in areas beyond microelectronics. Adaptation of materials and processes originally devised for semiconductor manufacture has allowed fabrication of sensors (for example, pressure meters and accelerometers used in the automotive industry) (6,7), complex optical (8) and micromechanical (6,7,9) assembHes, and devices for medical diagnostics (6,7,10) using Hthographic resists. 

Styrene—acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers [9003-54-7] have superior properties to polystyrene in the areas of toughness, rigidity, and chemical and thermal resistance (2), and, consequendy, many commercial appHcations for them have developed. These optically clear materials containing between 15 and 35% AN can be readily processed by extmsion and injection mol ding, but they lack real impact resistance. 

AH intrinsic germanium metal sold is specified to be N-type with a resistivity of at least 40 H-cm at 25°C or 50 H-cm at 20°C. Germanium metal prepared for use in infrared optics is usuaHy specified to be N-type with a resistivity of 4-40 Hem, to be stress-free and fine annealed, and to have certain minimum transmission (or maximum absorption) characteristics in the 3—5 or 8—12 pm wavelength ranges. Either polycrystaHine or single-crystal material is specified. 

Polymers are only marginally important in main memories of semiconductor technology, except for polymeric resist films used for chip production. For optical mass memories, however, they are important or even indispensable, being used as substrate material (in WORM, EOD) or for both substrate material and the memory layer (in CD-ROM). Peripheral uses of polymers in the manufacturing process of optical storage media are, eg, as binder for dye-in-polymer layers or as surfacing layers, protective overcoatings, uv-resist films, photopolymerization lacquers for repHcation, etc. 

Other Polymers. Besides polycarbonates, poly(methyl methacrylate)s, cycfic polyolefins, and uv-curable cross-linked polymers, a host of other polymers have been examined for their suitabiUty as substrate materials for optical data storage, preferably compact disks, in the last years. These polymers have not gained commercial importance polystyrene (PS), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), cellulose acetobutyrate (CAB), bis(diallylpolycarbonate) (BDPC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), styrene—acrylonitrile copolymers (SAN), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAC), and for substrates with high resistance to heat softening, polysulfones (PSU) and polyimides (PI). 

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