Reshaping

Hasegawa A 1983 Amplification and reshaping of optical solitons in glass fibre-IV Appl. Phys. Lett. 8 650-2... 

At the gob feeder, the forming operation begias. The gob feeder deUvers a glass gob shaped such that it enters the blank mold without excessive mold contact, distortion, or reshaping of the glass. Shears cut off a gob of glass. The gob is fed to either a blow and blow, press and blow, or press-only forming operation to produce a container. 

A process has been developed (139) whereby up to 80% of the oil can be removed from whole, raw peanuts without the use of solvent. In this process, the blanched peanuts are brought to a proper moisture content, pressed mechanically, and then reshaped or reconstituted by dipping in hot water subsequently they can be roasted and salted, or used in confections or other formulations. Defatted peanuts may also be ground into meal and added to cookies, cakes, and many other products, where they impart a distinctly nutty flavor and cmnchy texture. On the other hand, the resulting high grade oil is refined and employed in cooking and industrial products. This process can also be used for pecans, walnuts, almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, and other nuts (140-142). 

The theory has beea exteaded to evaluate sheet breakup (19). This model (19) assumes that the fastest growing wave detaches at the leading edge ia the form of a ribboa with a width of a half-waveleagth. The ribboa ioimediately coatracts iato multiple ligaments, which subsequeatly reshape themselves iato spherical droplets. The characteristic dimension of the ligament, Dy is as foUows, where / is the sheet thickness at the breakup locatioa. 

Riechmann, L., et al. Reshaping human antibodies for therapy. Nature 332 323-327, 1988. 

Refining crude oil into useful petroleum products can be separated into two phases and a number of supporting operations. The first phase is desalting of crude oil and the subsequent distillation into its various components or "fractions." The second phase is made up of three different types of "downstream" processes combining, breaking, and reshaping. 

Continual disappointment in his business affairs kept him in relative obscurity even as his developments were reshaping the industrial world. Today, even the engineering community rarely notes his successes as the inventor of the first self-propelled... 

Thermoplastics are processed by reshaping the finished product in the form of a viscous melt at high temperatures. 

Imagine if we could extract significantly more useful energy out of our precious fuel resources Think how remarkable it would be to carry out combustion processes at efficiencies not possible in even the most sophisticated heat engines. These are not empty dreams. Such a device was first demonstrated in 1839. Called a fuel cell, this electrochemical device may eventually reshape major energy use patterns throughout society. 

In order to answer the former question, how long does it take to change from the free to final steady-state exhalation, we must again consult detailed diffusion theory. It can be shown (Samuels-son, 1984) that the reshaping of the radon depth-concentration gradient is characterized by an exponential sum of the form... 

Table I. The 95% gradient reshaping times (see text) for different combinations of sample thickness, d, outer volume height, h, and diffusion length, L. The quotient free exhalation rate, Eq, and the final steady-state exhalation rate, E, is also given.

Sample Outer Can Diffus. Free to final Reshaping... 

If we choose a much larger than 1 (thin samples d<0.5L) or h pL (thick samples d>>L), the final steady-state exhalation deviates very little from the free exhalation rate and we do not need to know the reshaping time or use Equation 2 for corrections. An air grab sample taken at any time (and corrected for radioactive decay if necessary) after closure, will yield the free exhalation rate to a good approximation, provided that the can is perfectly radon-tight. 

What kind of experiments can be done to elucidate the special features of the time-dependent diffusion theory as applied above One of several possibilities is to choose a sample/can geometry in such a way that the initial change in slope of the outer volume concentration as a function of time is pronounced. This is equivalent to saying that the final exhalation rate should be significantly lower than the free exhalation rate and that the gradient reshaping time should be fairly short, of the order of hours. Results from such an experiment are displayed in Figure 7. Notice the characteristic constant slope (about 11 kBq m" h l) of... 

Jimenez JA, Sanchez-Arcilla A, Valdemoro HI, Gracia V, Nieto F (1997) Processes reshaping the Ebro delta. Mar Geol 144 59-79... 

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