Research, health phytosterols

The common pumpkin seed has been extensively studied for its beneficial effect on prostate health. Seed extracts inhibit 5-alpha-reductase conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. The mechanism of action seems to be different from that of saw palmetto, nettle root, or pygeum. Researchers speculate that betasitosterol (a phytosterol) competes with androgens, thus decreasing esposure of the prostate to hormonal stimulation. Eating pumpkin seeds (1 to 2 ounces per day) or taking gel capsules (2 to 4 per day) has shown benefits in reducing inflammation and other prostatic symptoms. 

Health benefits of phytosterols have been a topic of intense research in recent years. The main physiological effect of consuming phytosterols (2-3 g/day for 21-30 days) is their reported lowering of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 10-15%. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows a health claim for food containing phytosterols because of the association with reduced risk of coronary heart disease (Federal Register, 2000). 

Cashew nut and its coproducts provide a complex food rich in macronutrients and micronutrients, as well as small quantities of various antioxidants and bioactive compounds that are relevant to many health beneficial attributes. These bioactive compounds include MUFA, PUFA, phenolics, phytosterols, phytostanols, tocopherols, and phytates. While benefits of cashew nut and its coproducts for human health appear promising, further research on bioavailability and bioaccessibility of cashew bioactive compounds as well as potential allergenic reaction is required for a better understanding of the role of cashew nut and its coproducts in human health. 

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