Research, chemical sensor technologies

The federal government must take the lead in supporting the research and development effort for ocean instrumentation because the government, through its agencies, is the beneficiary and ultimate consumer of most ocean measurements. Regardless of the approaches taken, it is clear that a considerable investment of time and resources will be required to develop the arsenal of chemically selective and stable host compounds that will be required to measure all the key oceanic species via in situ chemical sensor technology. 

Fuel Cell Technology Catalytic Membrane Reactors Materials Research Chemical Sensors Electrolytic Technology Machining Welding Monopropellant Fuels... 

Chemical Sensor Technologies Empirical Art and Systematic Research. . 61... 

Although still in the research stage, it is expected that distributed sensing capabilities will improve many fiberoptic chemical sensor technologies. In particular, integration of distributed and multianalyte sensing will result in powerful fiber-optic chemical sensor devices. 

It becomes clear that research and development in the household and detergency area depend on a profound knowledge of physico-chemical parameters. Thus, an overview will be given of selected physico-chemical methods used in detergency research, most of them based on sensor technologies. 

The threat described in the first part of this chapter spurred increased investment in research and development technologies to prevent, detect, and respond to terrorist attacks. One specific area of research, sensors, particularly for chemical and biological agents and radioactive materials, in addition to radar and sonar, is the subject of this book. After describing the threat, this chapter goes on to discuss the use of sensors, fielded sensor capabilities, and existing gaps in sensor capabilities. 

Multi-divisional program in biosensors at the Food Research Laboratory of Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) in Australia, Food Hygiene Department of the Campden Food and Drink Research Association (CFDRA) in the United Kingdom, and the Center of Chemical Sensors/Biosensors at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Switzerland. 

Clearly the threat of chemical warfare is still very real, and research continues into defensive technology such as nerve gas vaccines and chemical sensors. The Chemical Weapons Convention came into effect in 1997 and it has taken the Geneva Protocol... 

A theoretical dimensionality of the hyperspace of independent chemical sensor features has been estimated to be 1021 (Fig. 21.1) and includes the permutations of varying sensing materials, transducer principles, and modes of operation for each sensor/transducer combination.13 As shown in the present book, all types of sensing materials have been explored with combinatorial technologies, which demonstrates the desire of the sensing community for the accelerated development of sensing materials using newly introduced research tools. 

As mentioned, in addition to these described technologies for chemical sensor, there are other basic technologies that can be used for chemical sensing. It would not be feasible to describe each of these technologies, and researchers are encouraged to first carefully assess the needs of the desired chemical sensor, and then choose the potentially applicable platform technology. 

---