Reproducibility first-generation

At 45 mg/kg and 90 mg/kg, there was no significant difference from controls in reproductive organ development, fertility, mating behavior, embryotoxicity, or developmental abnormalities at 125 mg/kg diet, survival was significantly lower, fewer pairs reproduced, and females matured later second generation mice were more resistant than the first generation (Dial and Dial 1987a)... 

Tubbs, R., Skacel, M., Pettay, J., Powell, R., Myles, J., Hicks, D., et al. (2002) Inter-observer interpretative reproducibility of GOLDFISH, a first generation gold-facilitated autometallographic bright field in situ hybridization assay for HER-2/neu amplification in invasive mammary carcinoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 26, 908-913. 

Fig. 45. The first-generation Ballard PEFC stack, nominally 5 kW for pressurized hydrogen/air operation. Reproduced by permission Ballard Power Systems.

Fig. 47. Scheme of the first-generation Ballard bus. The 120 kW power system seen at the back was based on 24 PEFC stacks of 5 kW each Compressed-hydrogen cylinders were placed under the bus floor. See text for more details. Reproduced by permission of Ballard Power Sources. 

The major drawbacks of the first-generation biosensor approach are the following (i) if the O2 concentration is monitored, it is challenging to maintain a reasonable reproducibility due to varying O2 concentrations within the sample and (ii) working electrode potentials for either the oxidation of H2O2 or the reduction of O2 are not optimal because these potentials are prone to the impact of interferences present in biological samples, such as ascorbic acid or dopamine. 

In early spring, the first offspring appears from the overwintered cysts. Adults of the first generation consist of ovoviviparous females and small numbers (less than 1 %) of males. Males exist only for a very short period and then disappear. As the temperature rises and food conditimis worsen, females switch reproduction mode from ovoviviparity to oviparity. In autunm all females reproduce only cysts. In winter time, Artemia disappear from the sea. 

FIGURE 2.3 A first-generation single-channel AutoAnalyzer (Technicon Instruments, circa 1957). Reproduced with permission of Hindawi Publishing Corporation from "R. Stanley, Journal of Automatic Chemistry, 6 (1984) 175". 

Spatial heterogeneity and low reproducibility of surface roughness of the first generation of substrates for the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) were the basic restrictions of the quantitative description of effect and comparative analysis of data obtained in different laboratories. For this reason SERS spectroscopy, despite of high selectivity and sensitivity, has not got wide application as a routine analytical technique in physical, chemical and biomedical laboratories. 

Sexually reproduced plants, except fungi, bacteria and first generation hybrids are protected by the 1970 Plant Variety Protection Act or PVPA. This Act provides for the issuance of a certificate of plant variety protection from the Plant Variety Protection Office of the Department of Agriculture which administers the Act. The protection granted provides protection against unauthorized propagation of seed to be sold or used as a propagating material for a period of 18 years. 

In general, the published data on the viscosity of ionic liquids is scarce. Most of this published literature on ionic liquids viscosity deals with the first generation ionic liquids. The viscosity of any fluid is highly dependent on both the measuring technique used and the purity of the samples. Given this difficulty the reported values in the literature are often neither comparable or reproducible. 

Figure 9.8 A first generation schematic formula of spruce lignin showing the most important inter-unit linkages between the phenylpropane units [42]. Reproduced by permission of Springer Science and Business Media.

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