Observations interpreting

The H-NMR and C-NMR chemical shifts have been assigned and substractures have been deduced on the basis of COSY-45° (Problem 5.13) and other spectroscopic observations. Interpret the HMBC spectrum and identify the heteronuclear long-range coupling interactions between the H and C nuclei. 

These deductions from basic facts of observation interpreted according to the rigorous laws of thermodynamics do not alone offer an insight into the structural mechanism of rubber elasticity. Supplemented by cautious exercise of intuition in regard to the molecular nature of rubberlike materials, however, they provide a sound basis from which to proceed toward the elucidation of the elasticity mechanism. The gap between the cold logic of thermodynamics applied to the thermoelastic behavior of rubber and the implications of its... 

Figure 8.31 shows central sections of two original SAXS patterns of PEE 1000/4394 in strained and relaxed state. In the strained state (Fig. 8.31a) a 6-point-diagram is detected. During relaxation (Fig. 8.31b) a well-separated 4-point-diagram is observed. Interpretation of the patterns is restricted to description and speculation. 

There are several good reasons for this. The molecular system chosen for such a study must generally be under isolated-molecule conditions (gas phase or inert gas matrices) so that the states of interest are spectroscopically resolved. Furthermore, the spectroscopy of the system must be well enough understood to make the dynamics observed interpretable. These requirements tend to dictate study of extremely simple systems at this time ... 

In the tensor formulation the difference between electric and magnetic fields disappears. What one observer interprets as an electric process another may regard as magnetic, although the actual particle motions that they predict will be identical12 [37]. 

Anbar AD (2004) Molybdenum stable isotopes observations, interpretations and directions. Rev Mineral Geochem 55 429-454... 

Molybdenum Stable Isotopes Observations, Interpretations and Directions... 

Drug/ excipient in matrix Matrix polymer Release profiles observed interpretation Ref. 

Tubbs, R., Skacel, M., Pettay, J., Powell, R., Myles, J., Hicks, D., et al. (2002) Inter-observer interpretative reproducibility of GOLDFISH, a first generation gold-facilitated autometallographic bright field in situ hybridization assay for HER-2/neu amplification in invasive mammary carcinoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 26, 908-913. 

Levin, B.R., and C.T. Bergstrom (2000). Bacteria are different Observations, interpretations, speculations, and opinions about the mechanisms of adaptive evolution in prokaryotes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97 6981-6985. 

Measurement of surface pH sometimes yields values close to those obtained by the water extraction methods, but frequently rather large differences are observed. Interpretation of test results must be qualified because the pH may not be uniform throughout the thickness of the sheet particularly in coated papers, significant differences have been observed between the pH of the coating and that of the base stock. 

The essays collected in this volume address a variety of topics that are central to any articulation of a comprehensive philosophy of chemistry. In what follows we briefly discuss each of the key issues and link them to the specific contributions of our authors. In a short piece such as this introduction, we cannot do justice to the subtleties of each author s position, but we think our categorization and commentary offer useful connections between essays. Our goal is to alert the reader to themes and issues that we believe resonate in interesting and surprising ways between authors, rather than draw any substantive conclusions of our own. Still, we hope that some of our observations, interpretations, and attempts at categorization are contentious and spur further discussion. 

In conclusion, a simple truth bears repetition which has been amply demonstrated in the discovery endeavors reviewed in this paper. Those who make landmark discoveries have minds receptive to the precedentbreaking significance occasionally contained in unconventional, obscure, anomalous, or neglected observations, interpretations, and hypotheses. They break the intellectual bonds imposed on most of us by immersion in immediate technical problems and by acceptance of current scientific rationalizations, fashions, and dogmas. 

In an early x-ray diffraction study of PHT Winokuref al. [62] showed that the crystalline peaks lose their intensity at about 185°C, a value near the temperature where the thermochromic transition takes place. Also intensity changes in an IR absorption band at 1340 cm were observed, interpreted as being associated with trans-gauche transitions in alkyl C—C bonds. 

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