Renewable energy pathways

Figure 2.4.3 Comparison of different renewable energy pathways and carbon transfer schemes from carbohydrates, as well as their typical conditions. Here, preservation of combustion energy and the carbon efficiency (CE) of the transformation are compared. The combustion energy always concerns the complete side of the reaction equation. The sum formula of the coalified plant material is a schematic simplification.

Renewable Power Pathways A Review of The U.S. Department of Energy s Renewable Energy Programs, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2000, p. 116. 

Martinot, E., Dienst, C., Weiliang, L. and Qimin, C. (2007). Renewable energy futures targets, scenarios, and pathways. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 32, 205-239. 

Dr Joan Ogden is Professor of Environmental Science and Policy at the University of California, Davis, and Director of the Sustainable Transportation Energy Pathways Program at the campus s Institute of Transportation Studies. Her primary research interest is the technical and economic assessment of new energy technologies, especially in the areas of alternative fuels, fuel cells, renewable energy and low carbon energy systems. She received a B.S. in Mathematics from the University of Illinois, and a Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Maryland. 

Simbeck D., Chang E., Hydrogen Supply Cost Estimate for Hydrogen Pathways, National Renewable Energy Laboratory - NREL/SR-540-32525... 

There are four principal ways in which biomass is used as a renewable energy resource. The first, and most common, is as a fuel used direcdy for space and process heat and for cooking. The second is as a fuel for electric power generation. The third is by gasification into a fuel used on the site. The fourth is by conversion into a Hquid fuel that provides the portability needed for transportation and other mobile appHcations of energy. Figure 7 shows the varied pathways which can be followed to convert biomass feedstocks to useful fuels or electricity. 

Simbeck, D., Chang, E. (2002). Hydrogen supply cost estimate for hydrogen pathways - scoping analysis. National Renewable Energy Lab., Report NREL/SR-540-32525, Golden, CO. 

Thomas, C. E., B. D. James, F. D. Lomax, and I. F. Kuhn. 1998b. Draft Final Report, Integrated Analysis of Hydrogen Passenger Vehicle Transportation Pathways. Report to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Under Subcontract No. AXE-6-16685-01. Golden, CO U.S. Department of Energy, March 1998. 

Fncrgj Efficiency ara Renewable Energy Evaluating the Technology Pathway... 

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