Rendering Techniques

For presenting the results of the 3D-CT measurements the software tool 3D-CTViewer [12] was designed and developed under the visualization developer language IDL [13]. In this package both typical methods for 3D-visualization, the surface and the volume rendering technique [14], are implemented. 

Alternatively, 3D images of MR angiographies can be calculated using volume rendering techniques (VRT) or shaded surface display (SSD). Both methods, however, depend on threshold values and therefore they carry the risk of unwanted manipulation. They are less suitable for the depiction of stenoses and are commonly used for aneurysms and other vascular malformations. 

Refined and bleached (R B) color A measure of the amount of red color in the rendered fat is an indicator of the quality of both the starting material and the rendering techniques. This value is measured using the Lovibond 5.25-inch scale according to procedures described in AOCS Official Method Cc 13b 3 (39). The result is referred to as the AOCS Wesson color, the AOCS Lovibond color, or simply Lovibond color. The lower the value, the less colored the sample. 

Both techniques are affected by proton spin diffusion. This renders technique (i) only valuable in a qualitative sense, showing intimate mixing (Fig. 

One potential pitfall of all of these rendering techniques is the obscuration of internal blood vessel... 

Rubin GD et al (1994) Spiral CT of renal artery stenosis comparison of three-dimensional rendering techniques. Radiology 190(1) 181-189. 

A. Watt and M.Watt, in Advanced Animation and Rendering Techniques , (Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts 1992). 

MacDougall and Henze presented a new visualization tool called EvolV, which enables the interactive exploration of topological features based on the moleeule s electron density. Using novel voliune rendering techniques, the entire moleeule can be probed without obstruction by opaqne surfaces or preselection of speciflc orbitals or contours. The authors investigated calcnlated for several biomolecules. 

ACL remnants even with the advanced technique of MRI. Therefore, we focus on the 3DCT with voliune rendering technique for diagnosis of ACL remnant morphology. 

Tomandl et al. (2000) applied the same acquisition protocol and used a volume-rendered technique to reconstruct the labyrinth with excellent results in terms of anatomical definition of labyrinthine components. 

Recently developed rendering techniques including a perspective mode result in highly interactive, remarkably sharp and detailed pictures of... 

Fig. 15.8. Volume-rendering technique of peripheral run-off study post-processed in standardized fashion with AP, PA, LAO and RAO views. The arteries are always well-displayed in their superficial course. Maximum intensity projections are well-suited for demonstrating the course of the arteries after segmentation of the hones. However, this technique is time-consuming and does not always deliver consistently high image quality...

Although debate continues regarding which rendering technique should be used for primary evaluation, the two techniques are complementary, and their combined use increases the CT accuracy. 

Soyer P, Heath D, Bluemke DA et al (1996c) Three-dimensional helical CT of intrahepatic venous structures comparison of three rendering techniques. JCAT 20 122-127... 

Biliary tract examinations using rapid 3D volumetric techniques can be performed with both multidetector CT and MR cholangiography. Integration between volumetric acquisition and 3D surface and volume-rendering techniques permits the study of the biliary tract in a noninvasive way. 

Virtual simulation of fiber optic endoscopy can be obtained with a new software tool based on surface or volume rendering techniques, called virtual cholangioscopy when specifically applied to the study of the biliary system (Dubno et al. 1998 Neri et al. 1999a-c Prassopoulos et al. 1998). 

Three volume rendering techniques (unshaded bone, shaded bone and shaded opaque bone) can help reveal both surface and internal detail and can be used for a better understanding of the volume rendered images ... 

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