Remote sensing imaging spectrometers

Room-temperature fluorescence (RTF) has been used to determine the emission characteristics of a wide variety of materials relative to the wavelengths of selected Fraunhofer lines in support of the Fraunhofer luminescence detector remote-sensing instrument. RTF techniques are now used in the compilation of excitation-emission-matrix (EEM) fluorescence "signatures" of materials. The spectral data are collected with a Perkin-Elraer MPF-44B Fluorescence Spectrometer interfaced to an Apple 11+ personal computer. EEM fluorescence data can be displayed as 3-D perspective plots, contour plots, or "color-contour" images. The integrated intensity for selected Fraunhofer lines can also be directly extracted from the EEM data rather than being collected with a separate procedure. Fluorescence, chemical, and mineralogical data will be statistically analyzed to determine the probable physical and/or chemical causes of the fluorescence. 

Table 3 Algorithms used to calculate chlorophyll a (C) from remote sensing reflectance. R is determined as the maximum of the values shown. Sensor algorithms are for Sea-viewing Wide Field of view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCXS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS), and Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS).

Dwyer, J. L., Kruse, F. A. Lefkoff, A. B. (1995) Effects of empirical versus model-based reflectance calibration on automated analysis of imaging spectrometer data - a case study from the Drum mountains, Utah. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 61, 1247-1254. 

Rast, M., Bezy, J.L. and Bruzzi S., 1999, The ESA medium resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS)-a review of the instrument and its mission. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 20, p>p. 1681-1702. 

Fig. 2.47 The scientific payioad of the Mars Expioration Rovers consists of the remote sensing Panoramic Camera (Pancam) and the Miniature Thermai Emission Spectrometer Mini-TES) the in situ or contact instruments Microscopic Imager (Ml), Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS), Mossbauer spectrometer (MB), and the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) the Magnetic Properties Experiment (NASA/JPL/Comeii) [77]...

Keywords Biological and chemical agents, remote detection, sensing and imaging, millimeter and submillimeter wave, THz spectrometer, superconductor, RSFQ. 

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