Relativistic cosmology

In 1916 Einstein completed his most widely known book on the special and the general theory of relativity, popularly explained, wrote the first paper on gravitational waves, and became president of the Deutsche Physikalische GeseJlschaft. In 1917 he became ill, suffering successively from a liver ailment, a stomach ulcer, jaundice, and general weakness, but nevertheless he managed to complete the first paper on relativistic cosmology. He did not fully recover until 1920. 

Einstein develops first relativistic cosmological model and introduces concepts of transition probabilities and stimulated emission. 

The decisive argument against big-bang cosmology is the fact that it is not a relativistic cosmology, as claimed. Ironically, many opponents of the theory, notably Halton Arp (1998), fail to appreciate this criticism and in order to refute the big bang, reject the theory of general relativity. 

Hans-Jurgen Treder, 20 February 1993 . you are right if you say that quantum field theory and relativistic cosmology have problems with respect to their reciprocal interpretation. 

The second volume of the Landau-Lifshitz series on theoretical physics continues directly after volume I and covers the classical theory of fields. It starts with an introduction of Einstein s principle of relativity and a discussion of the special theory of relativity for mechanics. It follows a rather complete presentation of classical electrodynamics including radiation phenomena and scattering of waves of different energy. It concludes with an introduction of gravitational fields, the theory of general relativity and classical relativistic cosmology. 

N. Cufaro-Petroni and J. P. Vigier Stochastic interpretation of relativistic quantum equations, in A. van der Merwe (Ed.), Old and New Questions in Physics, Cosmology, Philosophy, and Theoretical Biology Essays in Honor of Wolfgang Yourgrau, ISBN 0-20-640962-3, Plenum, New York, 1983, pp. 325-344. 

RELATIVITY. THERMODYNAMICS AND COSMOLOGY. Richard C. Tol-man. Landmark study extends thermodynamics to special, general relativity also applications o( relativistic mechanics, thermodynamics to cosmological models. 501pp. 5k x 8H. 65383-8 Pa. 11.95... 

The conclusions reached here are clearly related to those of Prigogine [160] who deduced that the irreversible creation of matter generates cosmological entropy and that the arrow of time is provided by the transformation of gravitational energy into matter. The difference is that Prigogine s result was obtained by incorporating the second law of thermodynamics into the relativistic field equations, whereas the present model makes no assumption about macroscopic behaviour. 

Re Entry [63], Ref. [63]) Reference [63] considers various aspects of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and its relation to the arrow of time and to cosmology. Reference [63] was for sale at the 27th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics, held at the Fairmont Hotel in Dallas, Texas, December 8-13, 2013. 

Tavernet, J. P. and The CAT Collaboration (1998). Measurement of the Gamma-ray Spectrum of the Crab Nebula Above 250 GEV with the CAT Cherenkov Telescope. In Abstracts of the 19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology, held in Paris, France, Dec. 14-18, 1998. Eds. J. Paul, T. Montmerle, andE. Aubourg (CEA Saclay). 

For matter (non-relativistic matter often called dust ), p p, so that p/po = (ao/a)3. In contrast, for radiation (relativistic particles) p = pi3, so that p/po = (ao/a)4. Another interesting case is that of the energy density and pressure associated with the vacuum (the quantum mechanical vacuum is not empty ). In this case p = —p, so that p = po- This provides a term in the Friedmann equation entirely equivalent to Einstein s cosmological constant A. More generally, for p = wp, p/po = (ao/a)3(1+w Allowing for these three contributions to the total energy density, eq. 2.9 may be rewritten in a convenient dimensionless form... 

The assumptions on which the model rests are too crude to be realistic. In particular, the assumption of a universal time coordinate directly contradicts the basis of general relativity. To avoid the problem de Sitter repeated the calculation based on relativistically curved space-time, with the surprising result of an empty universe with variable radius. The traditional interpretation of this result as an expanding universe is not unique. It could just as well imply space-time with continuous curvature, characteristic of projective space. In the event, both solutions were soon superseded by an expanding-universe cosmology based on a Doppler interpretation of galactic redshifts. 

We agree that motion in the gravitational field will be geodesic only in curved Minkowski space, noting that this principle is conveniently ignored in virtually all cosmological models which claim a relativistic basis. 

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