Reinforcing steel in concrete

Cable anodes of conducting polymers have an advantage when there are site problems with the installation of other anodes. They are extensively used for the cathodic protection of reinforcing steel in concrete (see Section 19.5.4). 

A similar danger of corrosion lies in cell formation in steel-concrete foundations (see Section 4.3). Such steel-concrete cells are today the most frequent cause of the increasing amount of premature damage at defects in the coating of new steel pipelines. The incidence of this type of cell formation is increased by the connection of potential-equalizing conductors in internal gas pipelines and domestic water pipelines [25], as well as by the increased use of reinforcing steel in concrete foundations for grounding electrical installations [26]. 

Cathodic Protection of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Structures... 

Cathodic Protection of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Structures, Proposed NACE-Standard, Committee T-3K-2 NACE, Houston 1985. 

Test method for porosity in gold platings on metal substrates by gas exposures Test method for half-cell potentials of uncoated reinforcing steel in concrete Method for detection of copper corrosion from petroleum products by the copper strip tarnish test... 

Virmani, Y.P., Clear, K.C. and Pasko, T.J. (1983). Time to Corrosion of Reinforced Steel in Concrete Slabs, Vol. 5, Calcium Nitrite Admixtures or Epoxy Coated Reinforced Bars as Corrosion Protective Systems, FHWA-RD-83-012, FHWA, US Department of Transportation, 71. 

ASTM C 876-91, Standard Test Method for Half-Cell Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1991, pp 437-442. 

Common uses of the impressed current method of protection include long transmission pipelines, complex underground structures, marine structures, ship hulls, and replacement for dissipated galvanic systems, large condenser water boxes, reinforcing steel in concrete, bare or poorly coated structures, unisolated structures and water storage tank interiors. 

NACE Standard RP 0187, Design considerations for corrosion control of reinforcing steel in concrete, NACE Int., Houston, Texas, 2000. 

Corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete (elevated highway. Providence, RI), where road de-icing salts combine with acid precipitation to produce a severe environment. (Photo by Robert Baboian.)... 

W. H. Hartt, A. M. Rosenberg, Influence of Ca(N02)2 on Seawater Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete , American Concrete Institute, Detroit, SP 65-33, 609-622, 1989. 

U. Niirnberger, W. Beul, G. Onuseit, Corrosion behaviour of welded stainless reinforcing steel in concrete , Otto Graf Journal, 1993, 4,... 

J. E. Bennet, T. A. Mitchell, Depolarization testing of cathodi-cally protected reinforcing steel in concrete . Corrosion 89, Nace, Paper 373, 1989. 

Oxide-metal composite anodes consist of a mixed ruthenium dioxide and titanium oxide coating sintered onto a commercially pure titanium substrate. These expanded-mesh anodes also are used for protecting reinforcing steel in concrete [37]. 

F. Tittarelh, G. Moriconi, The effect of silane-based hydrophobic admixture on corrosion ofgalvanized reinforcing steel in concrete, Corros. Sci. 52 (2010) 2958—2963. 

F. Tittarelli and G. Moriconi The Effect of Silane-Based Hydrophobic Admixture on Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 38 (2008) pp. 1354-1357. 

The corrosion of the reinforcing steel in concrete is a major problem facing civil engineers today as they maintain an ageing infrastructure. Potentially it is a very large market for those who develop the expertise to deal with the problem. It is also a major headache for those who are responsible for dealing with structures suffering from it. 

All of these treatments are suitable for reinforcing steel in concrete. However, the passing of electric current and of the voltages used can have adverse effects on concrete and on steel. They can only be applied with great... 

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