Reinforcement activity

Conventionally fillers are divided into reinforcing, active, and inert ones. The reinforcing class includes mainly fibrous materials. Disperse fillers may also perform the reinforcing function, and then they are called active. For the criterion of activity of a filler it has been proposed to employ, for example, the extent of variation of the relative viscosity of the melt or solution caused by introduction of a filler [23] — the greater the variation the better the affinity between the polymer and the filler. 

The reinforcing activity of MP is efficient immediately after birth when pups are simultaneously exposed to MP and a novel odorant 30 min after delivery, the odorant elicits robust orocephalic responses 24 h later. The proportion of responding pups is then similar to the proportion observed when the conditioning is realized on... 

Medicines regulation incorporates several mutually reinforcing activities all aimed at promoting and protecting public health. These activities vary from country to country in scope and implementation, but generally include the functions listed in Table 1. 

From 2002 on, and the introduction of PARE, the new employment individual plans, the fundamental novelty of French unemployment insurance was its linking of supposedly enhanced service provision with reinforced activation obligations. 

In cyclization of (3-dicarbonyl compounds containing an alkyne which is extended outward to give cycloalkenones, there is reinforced activation by Cu(OTf)2 and an Ag salt individually, at the active methylene group and the triple bond. ... 

Following the preparation of this paper, the author s attention was drawn to a paper presented by D. C. Edwards at the 1978 A.C.S. Rubber Division meeting in Boston. The evidence presented supports the mechanism developed here, and indicates that his work was planned and successfully concluded with these speculations in mind. Later discussions with S. Wolff make it appear likely that the function of the silane (produced commercially as Si69) in increasing the reinforcing activity of silica in rubber is to provide a mechanism similar to the one described... 

T s as Mutually Reinforcing Activities for Quality, Cost, Delivery Performance... 

In virtually every study, positive motivations achieve better results than negative reinforcement. Within the safety and health area, negative reinforcement is required for compliance purposes however, it is often up to the safety and health professional to design and develop positive reinforcement activities. These activities can be part of the overall empowerment and motivational activities, or separate and more... 

A. What are the parameters of filler structure we have to account as responsible for reinforcing activity of different types of fillers ... 

The new model can immediately rationalize the differences in reinforcing activity exhibited by some very similar types of CB, discussed earlier. Especially because of the recent results, indicating no significant difference in surface activity and fractal character of their structure. Modern, very sophisticated methods for estimations of both types of surface parameters describe the surface at sub-nanolevel. So one cannot see primary particle space configurations (responsible for differences) in relief of aggregates (e.g., macropores). In simple terms, if the macropores are of appropriate shape and size, for example, very shallow with flat bottom, concentration in the local internal field domain will be much lower. The external forces transferred by the network continuity from the bulk can in this case much easily draw out the dominant amount of chains from macropore connections decrease in the local layer. 

Second order reinforcing activities. This type of fit is between activities where one activity supports another. For example, Activity Costing also reinforces another activity, Service-Based Pricing. Activity costs provide the data to set service-related prices. (The term activity in this case is also used in Activity-Based Costing, ABC. This is a separate use of the term from its application in Activity Systems.) Changing the way scheduling is done (Varied... 

In natural food systems, the interaction of tocopherols and ascorbic acid occurs favorably because initiation of lipid oxidation occurs also by metal catalysts present in the water phase. Mixtures of tocopherols with rosemary extracts (Section 3) are also synergistic in bulk oil resulting probably by their mutual reinforcing activity. Although j8-carotene when used alone in bulk and emulsion systems is either inactive or acts as a prooxidant, it becomes a good... 

Pupils working in teams as a feature to reinforce active learning and critical discussion... 

Classifications of Fillers for Plastomers According to Their Reinforcement Activity... 

Classifying fillers with respect to fabrication process and reinforcing activity. 

In general, the reinforcing activity of a filler depends on at least four criteria ... 

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