Refrigerated air

Worldwide use of CFCs for refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps totaled 260,000 t in 1991 (see Refrigeration) which is a dropoff of only 7% from 1986 levels. 

Aluminum is used in the home as household foh (0.18 mm thick), cooking utenshs (the first commercial use of aluminum), refrigerators, air conditioners, appHances, insect screening, and hardware. It is also used for toys, sporting equipment, lawn furniture, lawn mowers, and portable tools. In many of these apphcations, anodized or colored coatings are employed for decorative purposes. 

Technical Options Eeport, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) on Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, and Heat Pumps, Paris, Prance, 1991, p. 48. 

Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, and Heat Pumps - Immediate replacements for many applications include hydrocarbons, HFCs, and HCFCs. Some of these will also be candidates for long-term replacement of the currently used CFCs. This following briefly describes the alternatives that are available for specific refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump applications. 

In addition to the fixed capital investment needed to purchase and install process equipment and auxiliaries, there is a continuous expenditure referred to as operating cost, which is needed to operate the process. The operating cost (or manufacturing cost or production cost) includes raw materials, mass-separating agents, utilities (fuel, electricity, steam, water, refrigerants, air, etc.), catalysts, additives, labor, and maintenance. The total annualized cost of a process is defined as follows ... 

American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). (199.S). ASHRAE Standard 135-1995 BACiiet—Data Coniniunicatioii Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks. Atlanta Author. 

The chemistry in the phosphating of zinc alloys is similar, with Ihe exception that iron does not play an important role in the coating or in the hath. The only cation involved is Zn. Zinc phosphate coalings are used widely in Ihe treatment of galvanized steel for refrigerators, air conditioners, kitchen cabinets, and house and building siding. 

Lithium bromide. C.AS 7550-35-8) LiBr. mp 550 C, soluble in HyO or alcohols. The compound is very hygroscopic and forms four hydrates. Major use has heen in ubsoiplion-refrigeration air-conditioning systems in which H-O is the refrigerant—strong LiBr is used to absorb HyO vapor. 

Refrigerators, air conditioners and air sprays make our lives comfortable. Unfortunately, they are dangerous if they reach the upper layers of the air. 

Ozone depletion is a major problem. While it may not be possible to close the ozone holes , we can certainly minimize further damage. An alternative to CFC must be used in refrigerators, air conditioners, air sprays. 

There is no need for the condensation part of the cycle because hot air is in continuous supply on warm days. As a result, evaporative coolers use far less energy than traditional refrigerated air conditioners. They are very popular in hot, dry areas of the country where coolers are used nearly year-round. 

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) A family of inert, nontoxic, and easily liquefied chemicals used in refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging, insulation, or as solvents and aerosol propellants. Because CFCs are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere, they drift into the upper atmosphere where their chlorine components destroy the ozone. 

Pittas, A. C., "Energy, Its Quality and Efficiency of Conversion. The First and Second Law Analysis of Engineering Systems." Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat (AIRAH) Conference, Hobart, Tasmania, April (1975). 

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