Reflection absorption spectroscop

Szanyi J, Kuhn W K and Goodman D W 1994 CO oxidation on palladium 2. A combined kinetic-infrared reflection absorption spectroscopic study of Pd(IOO) J. Phys. Chem. 98 2978... 

Westermark, G. and Persson, 1. (1998) Chemisorption of tertiary phosphines on coinage and platinum group metal powders. An infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopic, enhanced Raman spectroscopic and surface coverage study. Colloids and Surfaces A -Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 144, 149-166. 

Hoshi N, Bae IT, Scherson DA. 2000. In situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopic studies of coadsorption of CO with underpotential-deposited lead on Pt(lll) in an aqueous acidic solution. J Phys Chem B 104 6049-6052. 

Yoshida, S., and Ishida, H., A FT-IR Reflection Absorption Spectroscopic Study of an Epoxy Coating on Imidazole Treated Copper, Journal of Adhesion, vol. 16, 1984, p. 217. 

Ito M, Takahashi M. IR reflection-absorption spectroscopic study of benzotriazole on copper. Surface Science 1985 158(l-3) 609. 

Beck et al. [250] conducted infrared reflection absorption spectroscopic studies on anodic over-oxidation of polypyrrole in the presence of nucleophiles such as II2O, OH", CH3OH, CHjO", Br" and CN". The formation of carbonyl groups occurred at the three-position and hydroxyl groups at the four-position via a di-cation intermediate in aqueous medium, but a bromine substitution at the four-position in the presence of Br nucleophile. Multi-methoxylation, similar to that reported in anodic oxidation of aromatics [256], occurred when the experiment was conducted in methanolic solution with 0.5 M KF as supporting electrolyte according to the following equations... 

X. Bin, Electrochemical and polarization modulation Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopic studies of phospholipids bilayers on a Au(lll) electrode surface . PhD thesis, University of Guelph, 2005. 

Figure 3.7. In-situ reflection-absorption infrared (RAIRS) spectra as a function of catalyst temperature from a Pd(lll) single-crystal surface in the presence of a NO + CO gas mixture (240mbar, Pco/Pno = 1-5) [66]. The data clearly show the appearance of an isocyanate-related band at 2256 cm-1 at temperatures above 500 K. In-situ spectroscopic experiments such as these have proven indispensable to detect and identify key reaction intermediates for the catalytic reduction of NO on metal surfaces. (Figure provided by Professor Goodman and reproduced with permission from the American Chemical Society, Copyright 2003).

In situ studies of catalytic reactions have also been a prime focus of our group. The high-pressure spectroscopic technique used in our research is polarization modulation IR reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS). Like SFG, PM-IRAS is a highly surface-sensitive technique that yields vibrational information about adsorbed surface species. Unlike SFG, however, PM-IRAS... 

In addition to the indirect experimental evidence coming from work function measurements, information about water orientation at metal surfaces is beginning to emerge from recent applications of a number of in situ vibrational spectroscopic techniques. Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and second harmonic generation have been used to investigate the structure of water at different metal surfaces, but the pictures emerging from all these studies are not always consistent, partially because of surface modification and chemical adsorption, which complicate the analysis. 

Additional spectroscopic information which supports these conclusions is available [292], For instance, the diffuse reflectance absorption maxima of valerophenone (97, n = 4) in Li-X and Cs-X zeolites are shifted only slightly from each other and both are similar to the spectrum obtained in methanol solution (Figure 50). Although the absorption spectrum of valerophenone in the less polar ZSM-5 (Si/Al 490) also resembles that in hexane, the... 

The characterization of SAMs is generally accomplished exploiting spectroscopic methods and electron or force microscopy. Techniques such as reflection absorption... 

There is a number of vibrational spectroscopic techniques not directly applicable to the study of real catalysts but which are used with model surfaces, such as single crystals. These include reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS or IRAS) high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS, EELS) infrared ellipsometric spectroscopy. 

Besides spectroscopic techniques such as infrared-reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), SFM-based stiffness imaging was applied in order to detect radiation-induced variations of surface stiffness [180]. For that purpose, when exposing the PE-film to the VUV-radiation, the film was covered with a Ni mesh. Thus, the PE-film was partially masked and exposed to the VUV radiation only within the square-shaped holes of the mesh. After having finished that treatment and having removed the mesh, the sample surface was scanned in force modula-... 

Other detection methods. Besides XPS, other chemically sensitive techniques are available to probe the reaction. Surface reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy [130] and electron-energy loss spectroscopy [131] give detailed information on the vibrational states and thus the bonds of surface species. Gas-phase mass spectroscopic techniques provide information about the desorbing species. 

Hi) UV/visible spectroscopy. In comparison with IR and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques, UV/visible spectroscopy is only occasionally used for characterizing monolayers. It can be applied if the monolayer contains molecules with 7i-electron systems of which the electron transitions are in the UV/visible part of the spectrum. By measuring polarized transmission spectra or reflection-absorption spectra at different angles of incidence, the second order parameter of the absorption transition dipole moment in the chromophoric groups caii be determined. In the case of a reflection-absorption configuration, the underlying theory is similar to that of IRRAS, i.e. based upon calculation of the reflection and transmission coefficients in a stratified-layer system and extended to account for the anisotropic nature of monolayers ). 

Evidence presented thus far for the putative role played by the photoliberated surfactants has been somewhat circumstantial. Conventional infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy establish that the photolabile protecting group is photolyzed and the surfactant released under photolysis acid-base indicators, when added to the photosensitive coating, confirm the release of acid for the anionic surfactant derivatives. The surface sensitive spectroscopic techniques of ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis) and RAIR (Reflection-Absorption Infrared) spectroscopy establish the involvement of the surfactant more unequivocally. 

Alpers W and Hiihnerfuss H (1989) The damping of ocean waves by surface films a new look at an old problem. J Geophys Res 94 6251-6265 Benvegnu DJ and McConnell HM (1992) Line tension between liquid domains in lipid monolayers. J Phys Chem 96 6820-6824 Gericke A, Michailov AV, and Hiihnerfuss H (1993) Polarized external infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy at the air/water interface comparison of experimental and theoretical results for different angles of incidence. Vib Spectroscop 4 335-348... 

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