Transmittance/reflectance

Gausman, H.W., Visible light reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance of differently pigmented cotton leaves, Remote Sens. Environ., 13, 233, 1982. 

A Hardy-type spectrophotometer may be used for determining luminous reflectance, transmittance, and color of polymers (ASTM-791). The transmittance of plastic films is measured by ASTM-D1746. 

Now, consider stability. If a satisfactory initial system or component performance and cost are assumed, then in many cases the critical issue is to maintain the physical behavior of materials adjoining an interface for up to 30 years. The physical behavior may include properties that directly influence solar device performance, such as reflectance, transmittance, absorptance, emittance, and photovoltaic efficiency or solar device performance may be indirectly affected by properties such as adhesion, permeability, photo-oxidative stability, or interdiffusion. The required stability of interfaces in SECS components is counter to basic physics and chemistry, because atoms at interfaces must be more reactive and thermodynamically less stable than when in the bulk of materials (2). Yet, the density of solar energy requires deploying systems with large interfacial... 

In this section we focus on spectroscopic methods used to determine the real and imaginary parts of h(w). It is not our aim to discuss all the methods used in semiconductor physics, but only those commonly applied to CP, based on reflectance/transmittance and ellipsometric measurements. At the end, we report briefly on other methods that are seldom used or work only in reduced spectral ranges. 

When optical anisotropies form spontaneously in the polymeric film during deposition, the situation is more complicated. Significant effects are observed in optical and spectroscopic properties, such as LED emission [17] and waveguide propagation [45-50,52,64], For these films, accurate evaluation of the optical constants is more difficult and must be based on variable incidence angle measurements, as in the case of surface plasmon resonance [45-47], waveguide propagation [48-50,52], ellipsometry [64,67], and reflectance/transmittance [68]. 

As long as 0 < p < 1 (deviations may occur in experiments), the conversion of reflectance into the Kubelka-Munk function can be performed, just as absorbance can be calculated from transmittance for 0 < t < 1 (and it usually is without any further consideration). However, the proportionally to the concentration may not hold true. As applies for the Lambert-Beer law, the Kubelka-Munk function is a limiting case for the range of weak absorption. For low reflectance (transmittance), the Kubelka-Munk function (absorbance) will not be proportional to the concentration of the absorbing species, and quantification is not possible. 

Fig. 14. Examples of optical properties of materials (reflectance, transmittance) for window structures. When used in conjunction with solar spectral distributions, energy savings can be...

Mode of function Reflectance-, transmittance-, and cumulative-mode devices. 

Murray, L, in The NIR Spectra of Homologous Series of Organic Compounds in Near- Infrared Diffuse Reflectance/transmittance Spectroscopy, Hollo, J., Kaffka, K.J., and Gonczy, J.L. (Eds.), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1987, pp. 13-28. 

B. Barabas. Comparison of measurability of two produces of high protein content. In Near Infrared diffuse reflectance/transmittance spectroscopy. Proceedings of the International NIR/NFF conference, Budapest, Hungary, May 12-16,1986. J. Hollo, et al co-eds. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest. 1987, p. 169-176. 

Interactance Zeiss MMSl Reflectance, transmittance, interactance Zeiss MMS1 Reflectance Zeiss MMSl... 

Guiader, M., Cheese and meat analysis by NIR, International Near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance/Transmittance Spectroscopy Conference, Budapest, Hungary, May 1986. 

Figure 15.17 Illustration of the assembly mechanism leading to the growth of PBG structures (i] Opened microchannel templates are immersed vertically in a suspension of silica microspheres. Upon evaporation, channels are selectively filled with particles that self-organize into crystalline 3D structures (li). Illustration of the wave-guiding properties of such opal channels is given in (ill) through an optical micrograph and reflectance/transmittance spectra. ...

Various detection modes (absorbance, diffuse reflectance, transmittance)... 

Lu, R. and Ariana, D.P. (2013) Detection of fruit fly infestation in pickling cucumbers using a hyperspectral reflectance/transmittance imaging system. Postharvest BioL Technol., 81, 44-50. 

Clarke and Larkin (1985) Measurement of Total Reflectance, Transmittance, and Emissivity over the Thermal IR Spectrum by F. J. J. Clarke and J. A. Larkin, Infrared Phys. 25,359-367. Includes data for a number of black coatings. 

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SEVERAL RADIATION SOURCES AND CERTAIN POLYMER SURFACES REFLECTANCE - TRANSMITTANCE CHARACTERISTICS... 

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