Referencing preferences

Approximate prediction of flow pattern may be quickly done using flow pattern maps, an example of which is shown in Fig. 6-2.5 (Baker, Oil Gas]., 53[12], 185-190, 192-195 [1954]). The Baker chart remains widely used however, for critical calculations the mechanistic model methods referenced previously are generally preferred for their greater accuracy, especially for large pipe diameters and fluids with ysical properties different from air/water at atmospheric pressure. In the chart. 

Medical dictionaries often need to be referenced when creating various analysis data sets For instance, perhaps the raw adverse event database in your clinical data management system contains only the MedDRA code. The code is worth having, but you would need the adverse event body system and preferred medical term to provide a useful summary of events. 

It is essential that all the conditions of exposure are recorded so that the results can be put in perspective. Preferably, the environmental parameters of temperature and radiation should be monitored continuously so that appropriate forms of average, maxima and minima can be derived. Some guidance is given in the standards and text book referenced above. 

The preceding sections described parametric performance based on various referenced data at differing cell conditions. It is suggested that the following set of equations be used unless the reader prefers other data or rationale. 

The removal of iron from such species as transferrin or ferritin by hydroxypyridinones, side-rophores, and other chelators is of considerable relevance to the control of iron levels in the body, and indeed to iron metabolism in a range of life forms. Methods and mechanisms for such removal are referenced in Sections 5.4.5.2,5.4.5.5.2, 5.4.5.6.1, and 5.4.5.6.2 below. Interestingly cyanide, one of the most powerful ligands for iron, appears to prefer to bind to iron-transferrin, at the C-terminal Fe, rather than to remove the iron. This adduct is believed to contain the iron in an octahedral environment of three cyanide ligands mer) and nitrogens from two tyrosine residues and a histidine. ... 

For example, most companies would rather reference their supporting documents than have FDA ask whether or not a particular document exists. Further, this practice will assure that the company has actually taken sufficient time and prepared the document referenced. There are those companies that prefer to voluntarily attach the documents rather than just reference them. This may not be in the best interest of CGMP manufacturers for two clear reasons. First, attaching every development report, every batch record, every analytical method, every support protocol/report and so forth will make a process validation document—a hefty document to begin with—too big to read. Second, volunteering any information is considered very dangerous, as it is very rare for a company to have no dirty laundry. Why hang it out for FDA or any audience to see ... 

Other reference substances are available and can be used as well. Sometimes the resonance of the actual solvent can serve as a reference. Preferably, the referencing method used for the sample should be the same as that used for the authentic reference sample (or library spectrum), or at least the scale... 

This defines the levels within the CNS. The relative isolation between levels is maintained by circular operations which stabilize the structure at each level. For each level there are many entities organized at that level (for example, many neurons) and such entities prefer interaction with other entities at the same level. A chemical reaction, for example, in the retina of the eye is almost always interpreted as a signal about the outside world, not as a signal about neurochemistry. Thus isolation means that operations at any given level are primarily self-referencing (i.e., they take their own states as inputs for further processing). Coupling refers to exceptions to this "self-referential closure. ... 

Table of Contents. Once the IND has been formatted and assembled, a detailed table of contents should be prepared. Depending on the size of the initial IND filing, this table of contents may be contained only in volume 1 or preferably included as the first pages of each of the IND volumes. The table of contents should be sufficiently detailed that an FDA reviewer can easily access any specific topic or report contained in the IND. It is also preferable to sequentially number the IND for each volume, rather than to sequentially number the entire IND. Thus, in reference to a specific report or in cross-referencing, it is necessary to provide the volume number and the page number. 

CFR Part 1910 Subpart Z) provide guidance on controlling workplace exposures. The specific paradigm and values should be referenced in each instance. Consistent with the preference to supplant default assumptions with actual data, the process should make reasonable efforts to ascertain the availability and quality of such data and explicitly state where the process makes use of default assumptions or actual data. 

If you work for any length of time in the laboratory you will rapidly acquire a large number of spectra. It is important that you keep these safe and in proper order, with an unambiguous cross-referencing system so that you (and anyone else) can locate the spectra or measurements which apply to the product of a particular experiment (see Chapter 3 for detailed advice on this). Spectra are best kept in clearly labelled folders or binders of some description, preferably ones which allow for removable attachment of the spectra. The other data should be recorded in the laboratory notebook along with the experimental write up. If data sheets are used then all the data should be recorded on these as they are measured. 

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