Reference to the Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis

CROSS REFERENCE TO THE ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OF DRUG SYNTHESIS... 

Cross Reference to The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis... 

In addition, a variety of sources were used to identify the patents associated with particular commercial products and to serve as a source of process information. These include the encyclopedic German work Pharmazeutische Wirkstoffe (4th edition), edited by A. Kleeman and J. Engel,6 and the 6-volume reference series on the Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis by Daniel Lednicer8 and references [10] through [14] below. 

For rapid access to information such as mp, bp, density, solubility, optical rotation, A max, and crystal form, one turns first to the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics where information is found on some 15,000 organic compounds, including the Beilstein reference to each compound. These compounds are well known and completely characterized. The majority are commercially available. The Merck Index contains information on nearly 10,000 compounds, especially those of pharmaceutical interest. In addition to the usual physical properties, information and literature references to synthesis, isolation, and medicinal properties, such as toxicity data, are found. The last third of the book is devoted to such items as a long cross index of names (which is very useful for looking up drugs), a table of organic name reactions, an excellent section on first aid for poisons, a list of chemical poisons, and a listing of the locations of many poison control centers. 

Apart from the derivatives of p-carotene, other pigments are the anthocyanins, the chlorophylls, cochineal, the betalaines, turmeric, caramel and riboflavin. In this account the historical background in brief, the chemistry of these pigments, their extraction from natural sources and their synthesis will be discussed. The present permitted natural substances and nature-identical synthetic materials (also described by the Food and Drugs Administration, the FDA, as colorants exempt from certification ) is quite small in number. Reference is also made to colourants no longer listed but which have an historical organic chemical significance such as for example brazilin and its relative haematoxylin. 

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