Reference accident

The reference accident for the AGR is a small LOCA due to the failure of a PCPV penetration with the same time to depressurise as above. Failure of the fuel pin cladding may occur, releasing essentially gaseous... 

Delvosalle C., Fievez, C., Pipart, A. Debray, B. 2006. ARAMIS project a conprehensive methodology for the identification of reference accident scenarios in process industries. J. of Haz. Materials 130 200-219. 

The findings are completed with the second study, which focuses on statistics and real accident data from the viewpoint of an insurance company. A major database is provided by the Federation of Accident Insurance Instimtions in Finland (FAII). The database provides numerical background information from real accidents, supplemented with accident descriptions. This database includes all of the accidents in Finland which have been reported to the Finnish accident insurance institutions. Access to the database is primarily granted to insurance instimtions only. Statistics Finland hosts the open database of general statistics describing e.g. key numbers in Finnish industry. In this article, the referred accident cases are summarized from the (FAII 2014). 

An important aim of introducing an accident model is to establish a shared understanding within the organisation of how and why accidents happen. It is especially important that those parts of the organisation responsible for the collection of information on accident risks and those responsible for using the information in decision-making use a similar frame of reference. Accident models will thus have direct influence on SHE practice, both consciously and unconsciously. A concern is whether the different users of the SHE information system actually interpret and internalise the models in a similar way and in accordance with the intentions of the systems designer. 

A valuable report, oontaining many references to cognate literature, is given In The Origins and Prevention oj Laboratory Accidents, 1949 (Royal Institute of Chemistry, London, W.C. 1). See also Guide for Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, 1966 (Van Nostrand Macmillan). 

Anonymous, How to Prevent Runaway Reactions, EPA 550-F99-004, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, August 1999. In addition to the accidents mentioned in the reference, a significant number occurred prior to the 1989 time frame. Serious incidents arc recorded as early as 1957. Accident recording before 1957 was incomplete. 

Atrophy Atrophy is a wasting or decrease in size of a bodily organ, tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use. You may have heard this term used in reference to accident or paralysis victims "his muscles atrophied because of nonuse." Exposure to certain chemicals can cause internal organs to degrade, weaken and decrease in size, particularly with chronic (long-term) exposure. 

Contract documents should be reviewed. The HASP should reflect and possibly reference contractual agreements. Contract documents can contain much information pertinent to site safety. For example, many contracts contain monetary incentives for completion of site work accident free. If management wishes to share some of this monetary incentive with site workers, the HASP is an excellent vehicle for communicating safety incentive programs. 

The chemical and physical phenomena involved in chemical process accidents is very complex. The preceding provides the elements of some of the simpler analytic methods, but a PSA analyst should only have to know general principles and use the work of experts contained in computer codes. There are four types of phenomenology of concern 1) release of dispersible toxic material, 21 dispersion of the material, 3) fires, and 4) explosions. A general reference to such codes is not in the open literature, although some codes are mentioned in CCPS (1989) they are not generally available to the public. 

Many of the accidents considered in the investigation could occur without causing any significant public casualties. However, if the conditions at the time of the accident were sufficiently unfavorable, the number of deaths among the public could range from tens up to thousands (Table 11.4-1). Table 11.4-1 is the summarized population risk assessed by the study team. It is in frequency per 10,(XX) years of an accident at the indicated facility that causes casualties exceeding the indicated limit. Reference should be made to Canvey (1978) for details. 

Many accidents have occuiTed because changes were made in plants or processes and these changes had unforeseen side effects. In this chapter a number of such incidents are described. How to prevent similar changes in the future is discussed. Some of the incidents are taken from References 1 and 2, where others are described as well. 

This volume does not address subjects such as toxic effects, explosions in buildings and vessels, runaway reactions, condensed-phase explosions, pool fires, jet flames, or structural responses of buildings. Furthermore, no attempt is made to cover the frequency or likelihood that a related accident scenario will occur. References to other works are provided for readers interested in these phenomena. 

Greenwood, M. Woods, H. M., Yule, G. U. (1919). "The Incidence of Industrial Accidents upon Individuals with Special Reference to Multiple Accidents." Industrial Fatigue Research Board Report 4. London Her Majesty s Stationery Office. 

Since many industrial accidents are plant and/or process related, this chapter is devoted to process fundamentals. The material is presented in the traditional engineering format, but without specific references to accidents and emergencies. The last tlu-ee chapters of Part II are primarily concerned with plant-related accidents. 

Explain why a plant accident is more likely to happen during startup of a new plant or a retro-fit process. Refer to Chapter 20 and careful review the presentation or tlie bathtub curve tliat is represented by the Weibull distribution. 

Why are naturally occurring accidents often referred to as acts of god ... 

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