Reduction factor values

The table which follows gives the values of k (buoyancy reduction factor), which is the correction necessary because of the buoyant effect of the air upon the object weighed the table is computed for air with the density of 0.0012 m is the weight in grams of the object when weighed in air weight of object reduced to in vacuo = m + m/1000. 

Orbitally Degenerate Ground States. For all orbitally degenerate ground states the g values are calculated to be markedly anisotropic and to deviate substantially from 2. Thus, writing the effective orbital reduction factor as k (equivalent to k of Section 4), the g values are found (101) to be as follows for the systems shown -... 

Table III is a summary of results obtained for 02/RIE of PMMA at 0.125 Watts/cm2 and 0.75 Watts/cm2 and 5mTorr and 35mTorr. The amplitude reduction factor is approximately equal to unity (sharp/smooth surface) at 5mTorr for both power levels while values less than unity occur at 35mTorr, indicating greater roughening.

IP-2.2.7(d). The strength reduction factor represents the reduction in yield strength with long-term exposure of the material to elevated temperatures and, in the absence of more applicable data, shall be taken as 1.0 for austenitic stainless steel and 0.8 for other materials. For castings, the basic allowable stress shall be multiplied by the casting quality factor, Ec. Where the allowable stress value exceeds two-thirds of yield strength at temperature, the allowable stress value must be reduced as specified in para. IP-2.2.7(c). Wind and earthquake forces need not be considered as acting concurrently. At temperatures warmer than 427°C (800°F), use 1.33... 

Sf = product SEWMj [of the stress value, S the appropriate quality factor, E, from Tables IX-2 or IX-3A weld joint strength reduction factor per para. IP-2.2.10(e) and the performance factor, Mj(see Mandatory Appendix IX)] for flange or pipe material see para. IP-2.2.7(c). 

The ligand field was parameterised in terms of ea only, and values of this parameter, together with the spin-orbit coupling constant X, the orbital reduction factor k and the Racah parameter B were obtained by fitting the d-d spectra, zero-field splittings, principal magnetic susceptibilities and e.s.r. g-values. 

Equation (3) is ideally suited for the construction of a nomogram which could be used for calculating the throughput of a radiation processing plant under any operating conditions likely to be encountered. Figure 4 demonstrates what such a nomogram would look like. To use this one must first experimentally determine So. Then the values for So/ei are obtained from Fig. 4a. So/S, the reduction factor, is then chosen, and,... 

The idea that the fractional free-volume at glass temperature as found experimentally depends on the mode of molecular motions was put forward in 196746 47 as a result of calculating/g from data obtained from isothermal volume relaxation for some polymer systems. By estimating average relaxation time at different temperatures it was possible to find the fractional free-volume/g at Te according to WLF theory. If we accept the validity of the theory as regards the universal dependence of the reduction factor aT on (T - Tg), then on the basis of data on Aa and theoretical values aT calculated from universal values of the coefficients C and C, it is possible to make an estimate of/g. In this case the value found corresponds to the universal one. If, however, we use the experimental values aT, the fractional free-... 

In some reports83,84) the change in the fractional free-volume was calculated at temperatures above Tg for epoxy resin filled with polystyrene particles on the basis of the experimental value of the reduction factor aT and the universal value fg according to the equation... 

The virus reduction factor of an individual purification or removal—inactivation step is defined as the log10 of the ratio of the virus load in the pre-purification material divided by the virus load in the post-purification material. A clearance factor for each stage can be calculated and the overall clearance capacity of the production process assessed. Total virus reduction is calculated as the sum of individual log reduction factors. Individual manufacturing steps must possess fundamentally different mechanisms of virus removal or inactivation in order for values to be considered cumulative. Additionally, because viruses vary greatly with regard to inactivation or removal profiles, only data for the same model virus can be cumulative. 

Another important consideration is the recommendation of a reduction factor in MPC values for nonradiation workers compared with the values applicable to radiation workers. A factor of one-tenth is recommended for nonradiation workers (16). An additional factor is usually suggested to accommodate the most sensitive segments of the population. Children require special attention. 

Fig. 23 Effective magnetic moment for octahedral d2 complexes like V(III). Left-. Figgis theory dotted - strong field reference (A = 1), solid - weak field reference (A = 3/2). Complete d2 calculation dash-dot-dot. Effect of the orbital reduction factor dashed - k = 0.4, dash-dot - k = 0 (spin-only magnetism). Inset - enlarged low-temperature window. Right the calculated energy levels (not to scale, values in cm-1)...

Figure I 1.7. Variation of viscoelastic scaling factors with gas content for PS-C02 and PDMS-C02 systems. Lower scaling factor values for PS-C02 system, compared with PDMS-C02 system, are due to the closer proximity of the experimental temperatures to Tg of the pure polymer. The top curve displaying results for iso-free volume dilution of high-Mw polystyrene by low-Af polystyrene represents the effect on viscosity of volumetric dilution of high-Mw chains. Viscosity reductions for polymer-gas systems are significantly lower than the iso-free volume dilution curve, indicating that viscosity reduction is primarily due to free volume contributed by dissolved gas.

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