Reducing agents in organic chemistry

On account of its tendency to oxidation, hydrogen sulphide is frequently employed as a reducing agent in organic chemistry. In the case of solutions in N-hydrochloric acid the oxidation is catalytically accelerated by a mixture of manganese and iron.4... 

Formate. Sodium formate, [CAS 141-53-7]. NaCllCb, white solid, soluble, formed by reaction of NaOH and carbon monoxide under pressure at about 20(fU. Used (I) as a source of formate and formic acid, (2) as a reducing agent in organic chemistry. (3) as a mordant in dyeing. 

Hajos, A., Complex Hydrides and Related Reducing Agents in Organic Chemistry, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1979. 

The white solid, lithium aluminum hydride, prepared from AICI3 is an important reducing agent in organic chemistry 4LiH + AICI3 —... 

Althou solutions of sodium in liquid ammonia have been used extensively as a reducing agent in organic chemistry [88, 89], the results obtained have, in the main, been qualitative. In view of the relative stability of such solutions, it is a little surprising that more quantitative data are not available. The scarcity of data is probably due to the difficulties of interpretation since, as has been discussed earlier, species other than the simple ammoniated electron are produced. 

Reducing Agent Boron trihydride (BH3) is used as reducing agent in organic chemistry. Explain why BH3 often forms coordinate covalent bonds with other molecules. 

A number of metal hydrides have been employed as reducing agents in organic chemistry, but the most commonly used are lithium aluminium hydride and sodium borohydride, both of which are commercially available. These reagents are nucleophilic and as such they normally attack polarized multiple bonds such as C=0 or C=N by transfer of hydride ion to the more-positive atom. They do not usually reduce isolated carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. 

The parent azo compound HN=NH, called diimide or diazene, is unstable but is useful as a reducing agent in organic chemistry, where it is typically generated in situ. Some standard methods for the generation of diimide are as follows ... 

The products are useful reducing agents in organic chemistry. Those which contain bulky alkyl groups allow excellent steric control of the reductions, for example of cyclic ketones. Approach of the reagent, which adds H to carbon, takes place from the less sterically congested side of the molecule. 

Anions containing only boron and hydrogen are well known. The simplest of these is the borohydride or tetrahy-droborate ion BH4, which with its tetrahedral geometry is isoelectronic and isostructural with the methane molecule. The borohydride anion is a very well-known reducing agent in organic chemistry. 

The Lansbury reagent, formed as the product of the reaction between pyridines with lithium tetrahydroaluminate (Hthium alanate), has been employed as a useful reducing agent in organic chemistry for a long time. Hensen and coworkers demonstrated that Lansbury reagent has the... 

Berthelot, J., M. Jubault, and J. Simonet. Tetra-alkylmmonium-graphite lamellar compounds—A new class of reducing agent in organic chemistry. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (1982) 759. 

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