Reducing agent metal alkyls

It is a colourless gas which decomposes on heating above 420 K to give metallic tin, often deposited as a mirror, and hydrogen. It is a reducing agent and will reduce silver ions to silver and mercury(II) ions to mercury. SnSn bonding is unknown in hydrides but does exist in alkyl and aryl compounds, for example (CH3)3Sn-Sn(CH3)3. 

The reaction of an alkyl halide with lithium is an oxidation-reduction reac tion Group I metals are powerful reducing agents... 

The first polyphosphino maeroeyeles designed speeifieally for use as transition metal binders were reported in 1977 in back-to-baek eommunications by Rosen and Kyba and their eoworkers. The maeroeyeles reported in these papers were quite similar in some respeets, but the synthetic approaches were markedly different. DelDonno and Rosen began with bis-phosphinate 18. Treatment of the latter with Vitride reducing agent and phosphinate 19, led to the tris-phosphine,20. Formation of the nickel (II) complex of 20 followed by double alkylation (cyclization) and then removal of Ni by treatment of the complex with cyanide, led to 21 as illustrated in Eq. (6.15). The overall yield for this sequence is about 10%. 

Reductive amination (Section 22.10) Reaction of ammonia or an amine with an aldehyde or a ketone in the presence of a reducing agent is an effective method for the preparation of primary, secondary, or tertiary amines. The reducing agent may be either hydrogen in the presence of a metal catalyst or sodium cyanoborohy-dride. R, R, and R" may be either alkyl or aryl. 

Peroxyl radicals with a strong oxidative effect along with ROOH are continuously generated in oxidized organic compounds. They rapidly react with ion-reducing agents such as transition metal cations. Hydroxyl radicals react with transition metal ions in an aqueous solution extremely rapidly. Alkyl radicals are oxidized by transition metal ions in the higher valence state. The rate constants of these reactions are collected in Table 10.5. 

Metal nanoparticles are synthesized by reduction of metal ions using reducing agents such as borohydride, amines, and 1,2-diols in the presence of stabilizing agents, typically long-chain alkyl thiols (e.g., dodecanethiol), amines,... 

BH3 acts both as a reducing agent for the acyl carbonyl and as a promoting agent for subsequent CO insertion into the metal-alkyl bond. As yet the process has been carried as far as C Hg, with Mn(CO)5(CH3), CO, and I B THF as reactants. 

Oil, charcoal, other organic materials powdered metals reducing agents strong acids alkyl esters hypochlorites Decomposition/combustion oxides of nitrogen, ammonia May detonate with strong shock or if heated A confined... 

Mixtures of metal nitrates with alkyl esters may explode, owing to formation of alkyl nitrates. Mixtures of a nitrate with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride or other reducing agents (i.e. redox combinations) may react explosively. 

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