Reducing action occurrence

Each occurrence of such a joint action is shown as a horizontal bar with ellipses in a sequence diagram, whereas the finer-grained operations were depicted as simple arrows. Note that each action occurrence could be realized by many different finer-grained interactions, eventually reducing to a sequence of operations. 

Prompt identification and implementation of corrective actions to eliminate or reduce future occurrences. These may include process changes requiring validation activities necessitating prior FDA approval supplement. (See SUPAC Guidelines [14].)... 

Recent research has also noted that intake of foliates can reduce the occurrence of strokes and heart disease in middle-aged and older people. The action of the foliates... 

Modes of action The mechanisms of UDCA and its effects in cholestatic liver diseases are not yet fully understood - even though a number of different effects have been demonstrated. These include (i.) hepatopro-tective (92, 97, 98), (2.) cytoprotective (89), and (3.) biliary-metabolic effects (84, 93, 104, 105), as well as (4.) an influence on the immune system. In ligature of the bile duct in rats, UDCA was found to reduce the occurrence of histological changes and biliary cirrhosis as well as of portal hypertension. (98) (s. tab. 40.7)... 

Actions should prevent or reduce the occurrence of an event resourced they should be implemented and evaluated for effectiveness through barrier analysis... 

Documented effects An extract of this herb sharply iuCTeases blood pressure, due to its high noradrenaline content. Hemostatic action for internal hemorrhaging has been documented (Khalmatov 1964). In experiments with mice and rats, an ethanolic extract of the dried aboveground parts showed significant antiinflammatory and analgesic effects after intra-peritoneal and topical, but not oral, administration (Chan et al. 2000). Studies indicated that the consumption of the plant may help to reduce the occurrence of cancer and heart diseases. Catecholamines (noradrenaline and dopamine) contained in the plant are generally considered to be the effective component in the treatment of shock. Studies have also shown that noradrenaline is a modulator of the immune system and may have anti-cancer properties (Chen et al. 2003). 

Aim of RCM is to reduce the occurrence of failures by focusing on the most important functions of the system and avoiding or removing maintenance actions that are dispensable (Rausand, 1998). 

Reduce the occurrence of human error incidence. This approach reduces human error rates through actions such as job task simplification, error-likelihood modeling or analysis, and application of human engineering design principles. 

Mitigation The lessening of die risk of an accidental event. A sequence of action on the source in a preventive manner by reducing the likelihood of occurrence of the event, or in a protective manner by reducing the magnitude of the event and for the exposure of local persons or property. 

The technique is particularly useful in evaluating the effect of alternative actions on reducing the probability of occurrence of the undesired event. 

Start by doing a risk assessment and identify those things on which continuity of business depends power, water, labor, materials, components, services, etc. Determine what could cause a termination of supply and estimate the probability of occurrence. For those with a relatively high probability (1 in 100) find ways to reduce the probability. For those with lower probability (1 in 10000) determine the action needed to minimize the effect. The FMEA technique works for this as well as for products and processes. 

A failure modes and effects analysis is a systematic analytical technique for identifying potential failures in a design or a process, assessing the probability of occurrence and likely effect, and determining the measures needed to eliminate, contain, or control the effects. Action taken on the basis of an FMEA will improve safety, performance, reliability, maintainability and reduce costs. The outputs are essential to balanced and effective quality plans for both development and production as it will help focus the controls upon those products, processes, and characteristics that are at risk. It is not the intention here to give a full appreciation of the FMEA technique and readers are advised to consult other texts. 

The slow time-course of depolarisation block not only offers an explanation for the latency of action of neuroleptic drugs but its occurrence may explain how they actually reduce DA function. Whether it explains their antischizophrenic effect is less certain since it is not possible to determine if such depolarisation occurs in patients on neuroleptic drugs. Certainly if this is how neuroleptics work it cannot be claimed that they have returned brain function to normal. 

All action items are presented to management for review and evaluation, and for determination of what, if any, corrective actions should be taken to eliminate hazards or reduce risks. Because many action items may be generated during a PrHA, the team may choose to rank the items according to the probability of occurrence and/or the severity of the consequences of their corresponding accident scenarios. 

Disopyramide reduces membrane responsiveness in atrial muscle and the amplitude of the action potential. Excitability of atrial muscle is decreased. These changes decrease atrial muscle conduction velocity. Action potential duration in atrial muscle fibers is prolonged by disopyramide administration. This occurrence increases ERR Postrepolarization refractoriness does not occur with disopyramide, and it appears to differ from quinidine and procainamide in this respect. 

A number of rate constants for reactions of transients derived from the reduction of metal ions and metal complexes were determined by pulse radiolysis [58]. Because of the shortlived character of atoms and oligomers, the determination of their redox potential is possible only by kinetic methods using pulse radiolysis. In the couple Mj/M , the reducing properties of M as electron donor as well as oxidizing properties of as electron acceptor are deduced from the occurrence of an electron transfer reaction with a reference reactant of known potential. These reactions obviously occur in competition with the cascade of coalescence processes. The unknown potential °(M /M ) is derived by comparing the action of several reference systems of different potentials. 

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