Recycling financing

The next step would be to build a large scale plant of 50 ktonnes per year. However, such an investment needs financing and a commitment of the European PVC industry to this initiative (i.e., a choice for this technology as the feedstock recycling process for PVC waste). Building the plant would take about 5 years. At this stage, it seems that within the PVC industry there is more support for the Linde and Vinyloop processes. 

The fund would be managed as Trust Fund for executing the master plan for used lamp recycling and may be rested with a fund managing institute (e.g., State Bank of India or Industrial Finance Corporation of India). 

All operations managed by SCRELEC are financed by the contribution of members according to their sales and by the re-sale of secondary raw materials obtained from the recycling operations. As SCRELEC is a non-profit organisation, the fee is adapted to current accounting balance. 

Two distinct financial management schemes can also be identified. The governments of Belgium, Sweden and Switzerland each define an environmental fee which is added to the price of every battery sold in order to finance the collection and recycling operations. The remaining countries pass financial control onto the producers and importers of the batteries, who are then responsible for recovering their costs from the market through sales of new products. 

Battery manufacturers and importers therefore elected to collect and recycle or treat all batteries under a voluntary agreement with the government and in 1995 established Bebat to manage this scheme. This scheme is funded through a collection and recycling fee, which is set and only adjustable by Royal Decree and is presently set at BEF5 per battery ( 0.12). When a company joins Bebat, the Finance Ministry awards them temporary ecotax exception, which is conditional upon the collection objective being achieved for all Bebat members jointly within that year. Penalties are threatened for non-achievement. 

National law on substances (Annex 4.10 dated 01.07.98) requires consumers to bring back used batteries or accumulators to point of sales or collection centres. Battery retailers are obliged to take back the types of batteries they sell. Municipalities too are participating voluntarily to establish separate battery collection points. Collected batteries are then transported to one of regional battery collection centres, which are operated by the battery recycler. A mandatory tax is paid by battery marketers to a private company, INOBAT, to finance the cost of collection, transportation, recycling and a public awareness campaign. 

The costs of the recycling facility are established by the Swiss Model for financing the recycling of household batteries. A surcharge on every battery sold (. 05 to. 30) and an prospective collection efficiency of 80 % are the two basic objectives. The advantage of this Swiss system is that only the actual battery consumers pay the bill and the administrative overhead maintained at a relatively low level. Perhaps the only disadvantage is that, since there is no direct financial gain for the consumer, "public education" represents the only means to stimulate consumers to improve battery collection rates. 

Stoiko Fakirov Legislation is certainly an important subject. However, we have no legislators in this room. Why not discuss things more relevant to us who is going to finance recycling research ... 

Shows cash flow requirements that could fit until 2030 within the current financing resources available for the once-through strategy, or even until 2050+ if acceptance of used fuel at Yucca Mountain begins only after the first years of operation of the recycling plant. 

Comprehensive battery collection and recycling schemes have also been recently introduced in Sweden and Italy. In Sweden, the battery collection system is administered by Returbatt, a company owned jointly by Swedish battery manufacturers, scrap dealers and the country s sole secondary lead smelter, Boliden. Returbatt is financed by a 10 per cent tax on new... 

Just because limited finance for production HM-SFE used fluid isn t recycling but is released to the atmosphere. The schematic diagram of designed HM-SFE is given in Figure 3 and explained in detail in our previous paper (Jokic et al., 2014). 

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