Recycling challenges

Electric vehicle batteries present recycling challenges because of their large size, potentially large numbers, uncertain timetable for implementation, and varied chemistries. Most battery chemistries contain materials that would be considered... 

Marsh G, Facing up to the recycling challenge. Reinforced Plastics, 22-26, Jun 2001. 

J. Porter, Computers Electronics Recycling Challenges and Opportunities, Resource Recycling, April 1998, pp. 19-22. 

S. Thompson,"Large Format EV Battery Recycling Challenges and Opportunities," Recycling Metals from Industrial Waste, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, June 2011. 

Hopewell, J., Dvorak, R., Kosior, E., 2009. Plastics recycling challenges and opportunities. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 364, 2115-2126. 

T.P. Eriksson, M.A. McCool, A review of flotation deinking cell technology. Paper Recycling Challenge, Yo. II, Doshi, Appleton, USA, 1997, p.69. 

McKinney, R. (1998). Flotation deinking overview, in Paper Recycling Challenge, Vol. m. Process Technology, M. R. Doshi and J. M. Dyer, eds., Doshi Associates, Appleton, WI, pp. 99-114. 

Anyadike N. Mixed plastics creates recycling challenge in Europe. Eur Plast News 2013, http //www.plasticsnews.com /article/20130417/NEWS/130419923/mixed-plastics-creates-recycling-chaUenge-in-europe. 

Hopewell J, Dvorak R, Kosior E. Plastics recycling Challenges and opportunities. Philos Trans R Soc B 2009 364 2115-2126. 

Increased environmental awareness contiaues to create new challenges as well as a variety of new market opportunities for sulfur producers. Further pollution reduction requirements contiaue to iacrease gradually aoadiscretioaary suppHes of sulfur and sulfur products. At the same time, recycling and reengineering have caused slight decreases ia demand. These trends are likely to contiaue ia the future. 

The measurement of VLE can be carried out in several ways. A common procedure is to use a recycle stiU which is designed to ensure equiHbrium between the phases. Samples are then taken and analy2ed by suitable methods. It is possible in some cases to extract equiHbrium data from chromatographic procedures. Discussions of experimental methods are available (5,11). Eor the more challenging measurements, eg, conditions where one or more components in the mixture can decompose or polymeri2e, commercial laboratories can be used. 

Development of the first recycle reactor was one of the consequences of a challenging situation. The ethylene oxide process had reached a high level of sophistication and excellent performance after 25 years of continuous R D. To improve results achieved by so many excellent people over so many years was a formidable task. 

The Vinyloop process was developed by Solvay as a response to a challenge from one of its customers, Ferrari Textiles Techniques (France), who produces architectural tarpaulin and canvas in PVC/polyester compound. This is a rather difficult formulation for recycling, since the PVC is mixed with a matrix. At the same time, Ferrari felt it was important that their material would be recyclable. The first Vinyloop installation is now operational. It is a form of mechanical rather than feedstock or chemical recycling, since the PVC matrix is not changed in the process. 

Recycling of scrap tire has become an environmental concern and a challenging technical problem. Scrap tire piles frequently catch fire, which is difficult to extinguish and provide ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes and rats [4,5]. 

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