Rectal Solution

The intramuscular dosage of diazepam solution for injection is 5-10 mg, repeated if necessary after 4 hours. A rectal solution also exists. If respiratory depression occurs, it can be reversed with the antagonist flumazenil. 

Rectal Solution 5.6g (Fleet Liquid Glycerin Suppositories). 

Benzodiazepines are usually taken in their pill form, although some people dissolve and inject them. Some of these drugs are also available in an injectable solution, including chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and lorazepam. Diazepam is also available in a rectal solution. The onset of effect is roughly 30 minutes, and can last up to 48 hours. 

Rectal 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg diazepam viscous rectal solution Ethosuximide (generic, Zarontin)... 

In patients unable to take medication by the oral route, diazepam may be administered by intramuscular or slow intravenous injection (into a large vein, at a rate of not more than 5 mg/min), at a dose of 10 mg, repeated if necessary after not less than 4 hours. Alternatively, diazepam may be administered via the rectal route as a rectal solution or suppository. The intramuscular route should only be used when both the oral and intravenous routes are not possible. 

One additional use for aluminum foil is as mantles (sleeves) to cover the primary packaging of photosensitive products. For example, mesalazine rectal solutions have been photostabilized using this approach. Without this protective measure the product, packaged and stored in transparent plastic containers, would develop a strong brown discoloration, when exposed to normal indoor daylight (41). 

GRAS listed. Accepted in Europe for use as a food additive in certain applications. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (IM and IV injections, otic and rectal solutions and suspensions). Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. 

The use of rectal ointments is generally limited to the treatment of local conditions. Rectal solutions are employed as enemas or cleansing solutions. 

Mucoadhesion was already used as part of medicinal therapy in rectal dosage forms longer than 100 years ago. Viscosity-increasing polymers were used in the rectal solutions already at the beginning of the last century, so that that the preparation would adhere well and would not flow back [133]. A new achievement in this field is the development of mucoadhesive suppositories [18]. 

Rectal solutions, emulsions and suspensions are liquid preparations intended for rectal use in order to obtain a systemic or local effect, or they may be intended for diagnostic purposes. Rectal solutions, emulsions and suspensions are supplied in single-dose containers and contain one or more active substances dissolved or dispersed in water, glycerol or macrogols or other suitable solvents. Rectal solutions, emulsions and suspensions may contain excipients, for example to adjust the viscosity of the preparation, to adjust or stabilise the pH, to increase the solubility of the active substance(s) or to stabilise the preparation. These substances do not adversely affect the intended medical action or, at the concentrations used, cause undue local irritation (Ph. Etur.). 

A poorly water-soluble active substance such as theophylline becomes soluble by the addition of glycine and sodium hydroxide. In this way a theophylline rectal solution (Table 11.14) can be formulated with theophylline as sodium glycinate. 

During the storage of theophylline rectal solution (Table 11.14) in disposable syringes with a rectal cannula, water evaporates. After 12 months of storage at room temperature, the evaporation rises to 5 %, after 24 months storage to 10 %. This causes an increase in... 

Rectal solutions have water or oil as a vehicle. If necessary to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble active substances, aqueous rectal solutirms may contain cosolvents, such as ethanol and propylene glycol. However, cosolvents and surfactants should only be used in limited amounts because of the potential irritation and the defecation reflex they may cause. For the rectal absorption of active substances from enemas the same mechanisms as for suppositories apply. A major advantage of a rectal solution over a suppository may be the fact that the active substance is already in a dissolved state which may increase the absorption rate. Increasing the volume of a rectal solution to dissolve a poorly water-soluble active substance will enhance the dissolution rate and thereby increase the absorption rate. Because of the higher volume more active substance will be dissolved and the membrane surface over which absorption occurs, is increased as well. 

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