Recovery module

Reduces operating costs by offering heat recovery modules. 

Between the buffer tank with domestic hot water system (left comer) and the heat recovery module is the peak boiler located. Typically the peak boiler is a conventional condensing boiler. 

Different test procedures have been described in the literature for quantification of an SME. One of the most powerful and widely used test procedures are cyclic, thermomechanical tensile tests. Quantification of the SME by cyclic, thermomechanical tensile tests follows tailored test procedures. These test procedures consist of a programming module, where the temporary shape is created, and a recovery module, where the permanent shape is recovered. The programming module can be performed under stress-controlled or strain-controlled conditions the recovery module can be carried out under stress-free conditions or under constant strain [4, 13]. The combination of certain programming and recovery modules results in different cycle types, which are presented in Table 2. Several thermomechanical... 

After the programming, where the temporary shape is fixed, the next step in a cycle is heating from TJow to Thioh with a constant heating rate j8h allowing the restoration of the original permanent shape (Fig. 8). If the recovery module is... 

After stretching the sample to Em = 200% at Thigh, stress-relaxation was allowed to occur. Once the stress relaxed, the sample was cooled under constant stress to Tiow. After releasing the stress to zero a stress-free recovery module was applied. 

Besides the variation of the thermomechanical test set-up (e.g., cyclic, thermomechanical tests or three-point flexural bending tests) and the application of different types of programming and recovery modules as described in Table 2, the resulting... 

Finally, the heating rate j3h applied while increasing the temperature from ow to Thigh as a parameter related to the recovery module is considered to have a major impact on Tg-max. t max. A7]ec> and Vr. 

Triple-shape polymers can change on demand from a first shape (A) to a second shape (B) and from there to a third shape (C), when stimulated by two subsequent temperature increases [10, 26, 27]. Specific cyclic, thermomechanical tensile experiments were developed to characterize the triple-shape effect (Chapter Shape-Memory Polymers and Shape-Changing Polymers [101] and Sect. 2.2) quantitatively. Analogous to the experiments for dual-shape materials, each cycle of these tests consisted of a programming and a recovery module. A cycle started with creating the two temporary shapes (B and A) by a two-step uniaxial deformation, followed by the recovery module, where shape (B) and finally shape (C) were recovered. 

FAILURE[7] is the failure recovery module. Sometimes Ml fails to meet all specifications and constraints. FAILURE analyzes the cause of these failures, and allows the user to interactively fix it. Fixes typically consist of either choosing a different part, or relaxing the violated constraint. FAILURE uses a dependency network [17] to automatically determine the affected portions in the design. FAILURE then directs Ml to redesign them. 

Factors affecting RO membrane separations and water flux include feed variables such as solute concentration, temperature, pH, and pretreatment requirements membrane variables such as polymer type, module geometry, and module arrangement and process variables such as feed flow rate, operating time and pressure, and water recovery. 

In a permeation experiment, an HERO module with a membrane area of 200 m is used to remove a nickel salt from an electroplating wastewater. TTie feed to the module has a flowrate of 5 x IQ— m /s, a nickel-salt composition of 4,(X)0 ppm and an osmotic pressure of 2.5 atm. The average pressure difference across the membrane is 28 atm. The permeate is collected at atmospheric pressure. The results of the experiment indicate that the water recovery is 80% while the solute rejection is 95%. Evaluate the transport parameters Ay and (D2u/KS). 

The task of synthesizing an optimal RON can be stated as follows For a given feed flowrate, Qf. and a feed concentration, Cp. it is desired to synthesize a minimum cost system of reverse osmosis modules, booster pumps and energy-recovery turbines Chat can separate the feed into two streams an environmentally acceptable permeate and a retentate (reject) stream in which the undesired species is concentrated. The permeate stream must meet two requirements ... 

The overall system that we will analyze comprises the unbleached Kraft pulp line, chemicals and energy recovery zones of a specific paper mill (Melville and Williams, 1977). We will employ a somewhat simplified but still realistic representation of the plant, originally developed in a series of research projects at Purdue University (Adler and Goodson, 1972 Foster et al., 1973 Melville and Williams, 1977). The records of simulated operation data, used to support the application of our learning architecture, were generated by a reimplementation, with only minor changes, of steady-state models (for each individual module and the system as a... 

The efficiency of a membrane module is characterized by the recovery or conversion ratio CR = permeate flow rate/feed flow rate. Low conversion means that fluid has to be repeatedly cycled past the TFF module to generate permeate. High-efficienCT NFF has CR = 1. 

Osmotic Pinch As the feed travels along the feed channels, friction losses lower the feed pressure. Solvent flux along the feed channel dewaters the feed and increases solute concentration and osmotic pressure. For a recovery or conversion ratio CR, a module solute retention R, and an inlet solute concentration of c , the bulk concentration cj, is... 

Membrane Module System Characteristics PES Fibers Continuous Cost, plugging PES Spirals Continuous Cost Cellulose, PES, PVDF Cassette Batch, NFF Recovery PES Fibers Continuous, single-pass Cost PES, PVDF Tubes Batch Plugging, cost... 

If acid-sensitive analytes (e.g., myclobutanil, propiconazole, tebuconazole, fiuotri-mazole, thiabendazole, carbendazim) are extracted from an acidic material (e.g., citrus fruits, berries, several sorts of apples and tomatoes), only low recoveries are obtained. If the pH of an aqueous homogenate of the material is <5, use Module E3, where the acids are neutralized before the extraction. 

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