Concentration Recovery

Concentration and Aroma Recovery. Concentration of juice from deciduous fmit is best carried out using an evaporator that causes as httle thermal degradation as possible and that permits recovery of volatile materials important to the aroma of the fresh fmit, ie, essence. Evaporators that use a high temperature for a short time and operate under a vacuum, such as the APV Crepaco falling film plate evaporator or the Alfa Laval centrifugal... 

Diluted iodate solution is obtained by hydrothermal vat leaching of caUche ore during nitrate recovery. Concentrated iodide solutions are obtained by heap leaching of old waste dumps (tailings) and low grade nitrate caUche, such as blasted overburden, left over by former nitrate producers. 

Viral vector manufacture for therapeutic purposes involves initial viral propagation in appropriate animal cell lines, viral recovery, concentration, purification and formulation. A generalized manufacturing scenario for adenoviral-based vectors is outlined in Figure 14.7. The manufacture of alternative viral vectors likely follows a substantially similar approach. 

The flotation results of three sulphide minerals in the presence of sodium sulphide are presented in Fig. 3.1 as recovery-concentration curves. In contrast to self-induced collectorless flotation, pyrite and arsenopyrite are strongly floatable while chalcopyrite and galena are weakly floatable in the presence of sodium sulphide. 

Definition of the downstream process candidate for recovery, concentration, purification, and isolation of the target molecule from fermentation... 

This chapter discusses the use of membrane processes for recovery, concentration, and purification of biologically active compounds from complex media. This chapter is not organized and written as a review paper aiming at referring all major developments in the use of membranes for downstream processing but, rather, it presents the author s perspective aboutthis field, its main constraints and challenges. 

DNA binding of transcription factors is present for concentrations of test chemicals that elicit mild and moderate scores of ocular irritancy via the Draize. The binding is greatly reduced or absent for concentrations producing a severe ocular irritancy score by the Draize. The lack of binding indicates loss of viability and poor recovery. Concentration of test chemical used may be varied to reach a non-binding outcome to reveal stages of stress and recovery or lack there of. 

The experimental results using a model gas as an exhaust gas from the cleaning equipment (total concentration of C2F6 and CF4 about 0.5-4% flow rate about 150-250 1/min.) indicate that both PFC recovery ratio and recovery concentration exceed 98%. 

Sample Certified concentration Concentration Recovery, % Concentration Recovery, % Concentration Recovery, %... 

Feed solids are loaded on a perforated belt. Solvent is added countercurrently as a spray on the nearly spent raw material. After percolating through the bed, the extract is collected in chambers below the belt and then pumped to the next section of belt in a countercurrent mode. Extracted marc falls from the belt into an auger system that conveys the solvent-soaked marc to external solvent recovery. Concentrated extract is removed at the feed end for further processing. 

Figure 9.5 Hydrogen recovery/concentration. From Ref. [28] with permission.

Immiscible-liquid solvent extraction is a well-established practice for recovery, concentration, and purification of organophilic solutes (e.g., antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins) present in aqueous process streams such as fermentation broths or plant or animal tissue extracts [88]. The process is, however, frequently rendered difficult or impossible by problems of emulsification, loss of entrained solvent, and contamination by particulate impurities in the feed. Integrated membrane separation with liquid/liquid extraction is iUustrated in Fig. 9.7. 

Table IV is a summary based upon the total elemental recovery concentrations of calcium and magnesium leached from the five stone samples, their equivalent carbonate weights, and the total average sample leaching rate (normalized for surface area and rain depth) ...

The studies of the use of the ion exchanger Metalfix Chelamine of tetraethylenepentamine ligands (1,4,7,10,13 - pentaazatridecane) in the process of recovery, concentration and separation of platinum metal ions, gold and their accompanying elements from the environmental samples, anodic sludges from the electrorefining of copper ores, spent car exhaust gas catalysts, etc. [93-98]. 

Recovery/Concentration of Flavor/Aroma Compounds by Pervaporation.201... 

By varying Cd,m and determining Cd,out> and plotting Eq. 12 as a function of Cd,in, the x-axis intercept is the actual recovery concentration C, and the slope reflects the recovery at the selected perfusate flow rate. 

Soto, M. L., A. Moure, FI. Dominguez, and C. J. Parajo. 2011. Recovery, concentration and purification of phenolic compounds by adsorption A review./. Food Eng. 105 1-27. Sullivan, J. J., T. A. Hollingworth, M. M. Wekell et al. 1990. Determination of total sulfite in shrimp, potatoes, dried pineapple, and white wine by flow-injection analysis Collaborative study. /. AOAC 73 35-42. 

With this design, the concentrate is recycled to the concentrate feed of the module with a small bleed to maintain the desired recovery. Concentrate bleed off can be estimated from the following relationship ... 

Applications of reverse osmosis in the dairy industry include water treatment, fractionation, product and chemical recovery, concentration and denaturing. The concentration of process streams from around 10% total solids to 25% can be achieved at a lower cost than by evaporation. Also there is a considerable reduction in volatile flavour component losses and in adverse changes to heat sensitive... 

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