Recombinant genes

Volume 306. Expression of Recombinant Genes in Eukaryotic Systems Edited by Joseph C. Glorioso and Martin C. Schmidt... 

HNLs comprise a heterogenous enzyme family, since hydroxynitrile lyase activity has evolved in different structural frames by convergent evolution [17, 18]. Thus, (S) -specific HNLs based on an a/P-hydrolase fold framework from Manihot esculmta (cassava) [19-21], Hevea hrasilensis (rubber tree) [22-26], and Sorghum hicolor (millet) [27-33] have been described. (R)-specific HNLs based on the structural framework of oxidoreductases were isolated from Linum usitatissimum (flax) [30, 34-37] and Rosaceae (e.g., bitter almonds) [31, 38]. Despite their potential in biocatalysis only few HNLs (from cassava and rubber tree) are available by recombinant gene expression, which is a prerequisite for their technical application [20, 24]. Thus, cloning, recombinant expression, and... 

Once a recombinant gene is constructed and introduced in bacteria or yeast, the expressed protein may provide greater purity and quality, through tight production control, than one can obtain from an extracted protein. Added benefits of switching from a isolated natural protein to a recombinant form are reduced variation of biologic activity and less inadvertent contamination. 

Moss, B., Genetically engineered poxviruses for recombinant gene expression, vaccination, and safety. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1996. 93(21) 11341-8. 

The hallmark and molecular characteristic of progression is karyotype instability. This is due to disruption of mitotic apparatus, alteration of telomere function, DNA hypomethylation, chromosome translocations and recombination, gene amplification, and gene transposition. There is also alteration of mismatch repair genes in some cancers. 

Genentech, Inc., repotted the production of the first human protein manufactured in a bacteria somatostatin, a human growth hormone-releasing inhibitory factor. For the first time, a synthetic, recombinant gene was used to clone a protein. Many consider this to be the advent of the Age of Biotechnology. 

Early (list of active genes includes replication and recombination genes and regulatory genes cll.clll, cro, N, and Q)... 

Lin, H., Pharmacelc, M.S., Morle, G., Bolling, S. and Leiden, J.M. (1990) Expression of recombinant genes in myocardium in vivo after direct injection of DNA. Circulation, 82,2217-2221. 

DNA shuffling method for generating highly recombined genes and evolved enzymes, Nature Biotechnol. 2001, 19, 354-359. 

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