Case studies reactor

Osorio-Lozada, A., Surapaneni, S., Skiles, G. and Subramanian, R. (2008) Biosynthesis of drug metabolites using microbes in hollow fiber cartridge reactors case study of diclofenac metabolism by Actinoplanes sp. Drug Metabolism and Disposition The Biological Fate of Chemicals, 36, 234-240. 

The models presented so far are quite general with respect to the catalytic activities of the various regions tube side, membrane (and support) layer and shell side. In practice, however, not all the regions are catalytic and almost all inorganic membrane reactor case studies only involve one or two catalytic regions. 

MODELUNG, SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL FIXED BED CATALYTIC REACTORS. CASE STUDIES... 

Modelling, Simulation and Optimization of Industrial Fixed Bed Catalytic Reactors. Case Studies... 

NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head), 627-631 positive displacement, 627 reciprocating, 627 and system curves, 617-618 separation problems Colburn equation, 636-639 Kremser equation, 634-636. 638-639 mass separating agents, 633-639 valves, 623-627 Performance factors, reactors case studies... 

Rase, Chemical Reactor Design for Frocess Flants Ftinciples and Case Studies, Wiley, 1977. 

Rase Case Studies and Design Data, vol. 2 of Chemical Reactor Design for Process Plants, Wiley 1977) has these items ... 

Rase Fixed Bed Reactor Design and Diagnostics, Butter worihs, 1990) has a general computer program for reactor design and these case studies ... 

A case study of the hydrogenation of cottonseed oil is made by Rase [Chemical Reactor De.sign for Proce.s.s Plants, vol. 2, Wiley, 1977, pp. 161-178). 

Fig ure 5-1. Flowchart for reactor design. (Source R. Scott with N. Macleod, Process Design Case Studies." Used with permission of IChemE, 1992.)... 

Because of the toxicity of CE, the aqueous effluent from the ethyl chloride reactor, Ri, causes significant problems for the bio-treatment facility. The objective of this case study is to optimally intercept CE-laden streams so as to reduce the CE content of R] to meet the following regulations ... 

The scope of the previously addressed CE case study is now altered to allow for stream segregation, mixing, and recycle within the ethyl chloride plant. There are five sinks the reactor (u = 1), the first scrubber (u = 2), the second scrubber (u = 3), the mixing tank (u = 4) and the biotreatment facility for effluent treatment (m = 5). There are six sources of CE-laden aqueous streams (in = 1-6). There is the potential for segregating two liquid sources (lu = 2, 4). The following process constraints should be considered ... 

The PIFs increased the likelihood of the strong stereotype takeover in the case study were the fact that the worker was more used to operating the valve for reactor B than reactor A, together with the distracting environment. In addition, the panel was badly designed ergonomically, and valves A and B were poorly labeled and quite close physically. On the basis of the evaluation of the PIFs in the situation, the internal error mechanisms could be stereotype takeover or spatial misorientation. 

This is the actual mental function required by the task that failed (see Figure 2.17). In the case study imder consideration the failure was at the Execute Action stage of the stepladder model, since the worker intended to operate the valve for reactor A, so there was no question of failure in the selection of actions. The connection with the task characteristics box indicates the fact that action is a fimction required by the task. 

CASE STUDY ENZYME KINETIC MODELS FOR RESOLUTION OF RACEMIC IBUPROFEN ESTERS IN A MEMBRANE REACTOR... 

In this case study, an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, the racemic ibuprofen ester, i.e. (R)-and (S)-ibuprofen esters in equimolar mixture, undergoes a kinetic resolution in a biphasic enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR). In kinetic resolution, the two enantiomers react at different rates lipase originated from Candida rugosa shows a greater stereopreference towards the (S)-enantiomer. The membrane module consisted of multiple bundles of polymeric hydrophilic hollow fibre. The membrane separated the two immiscible phases, i.e. organic in the shell side and aqueous in the lumen. Racemic substrate in the organic phase reacted with immobilised enzyme on the membrane where the hydrolysis reaction took place, and the product (S)-ibuprofen acid was extracted into the aqueous phase. 

CASE STUDY ETHANOL FERMENTATION IN AN IMMOBILISED CELL REACTOR USING SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE... 

I., Mikkola, J.-P., and Salmi, T. (2004) The development of monolith reactors general strategy with a case study. Chem. Eng. Sci., 59, 5629-5635. 

Numerous texts have been published on reactor design, and a selection is given in the bibliography at the end of this chapter. The volumes by Rase (1977), (1990) cover the practical aspects of reactor design and include case studies of industrial reactors. The design of electrochemical reactors is covered by Rousar et al. (1985) and Scott (1991). 

U.S. EPA, MTBE Case Study Sparks Solvent/Fuel Site Multi-Phase Extraction Using Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR) and Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Media for Treatment of Groundwater, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, July 2000. 

Sometimes technological problems forbid the size of an operation to exceed a certain value. For instance, in the batch polymerization of polyethylene and polystyrene, it is important to maintain the temperature below a critical value, because otherwise the material will be damaged. Since this is an exothermic reaction, it means the energy must be removed as fast as it is formed. If it is not, the temperature will begin to rise, which will increase the rate of polymerization. This will result in an acceleration of the temperature rise and the result will be a discolored batch. This requirement establishes a limit on the size of the reactor. The practical significance is demonstrated in the polystyrene case-study example following Chapter 5. 

A tempered water system has been specified for the reactor. It will be assumed that a 10°F rise in cooling water temperature is typical. Using data from the Case Study section of Chapter 5. 

The case study involves a well published multipurpose facility which is commonly known as BATCH1 in literature (Kondili et al 1993). It mainly consists of 3 chemical reactions which take place in 2 common reactors. In addition to the 2 common reactors, the flowsheet also entails the heater and the separator, before and after the reactors, respectively as shown if Fig. 6.6. The STN and SSN for the literature example are given in Figs. 6.7a and b, respectively. The data for this example appears in Table 6.5. 

Figure 11.3 is the representation of the case study that is used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed model it is taken from directly from Chapter 10. To facilitate understanding, this case study is described in some detail in this chapter. The plant, which constitutes 30% of production and consumes 55% of utility steam in the multinational agrochemical facility of choice, involves the manufacture of an herbicide. The saturated steam is produced from a coal fired boiler at 10 bar absolute pressure and 3 t/h, although it is only used at 4 bar in the chosen process. The process entails 3 consecutive chemical reactions which take place in 4 reactors. The first reaction, which uses water as a solvent, takes place in reactors R1 and R2. 

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