Reactive sadness

It is helpful to first view depressive disorders as falling broadly into three primary groups reactive sadness, grief, and clinical depression. 

Reactive sadness is characterized by relatively low-grade mood changes—sadness, disappointment, despair—that occur in response to minor losses and disappointments. The emotional responses are considered to be normal and appropriate. They are transient, and, most importantly, these mood disturbances do not typically interfere with functioning that is, they have little impact on academic, occupational, or social or interpersonal functioning. 

In clinical psychiatric terms, the affective disorders can be subdivided into unipolar and bipolar disorders. Unipolar depression is also known as psychotic depression, endogenous depression, idiopathic depression and major depressive disorder. Bipolar disorder is now recognised as being heterogeneous bipolar disorder I is equivalent to classical manic depressive psychosis, or manic depression, while bipolar disorder II is depression with hypomania (Dean, 2002). Unipolar mania is where periods of mania alternate with periods of more normal moods. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) refers to depression with its onset most commonly in winter, followed by a gradual remission in spring. Some milder forms of severe depression, often those with an identifiable cause, may be referred to as reactive or neurotic depression. Secondary depression is associated with other illnesses, such as neuro-degenerative or cardiovascular diseases, and is relatively common. 

Harris, L.W., Heyl, W.C., Stitcher, D.L., Broomfield, C.A. (1978). Effects of l,l-oxydimethylene-bis-(4-tert-butyl pyridinium chloride) (SAD-128) and decamethonium on reactivation of soman- and sarin-inhibited cholinesterase by oximes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 27 757-61. 

Reactive dysphoria—sadness or despair comes and goes in response to psychological stressors... 

The ChE reactivators 2-PAM and HI-6 increased the open probability of frog cndplate channels that were activated by ACh. The oximes reduced mean channel open lime and burst duration. EPC amplitude wa.s incrca.sed by both of the.se oxime.s but depressed at their high concentrations. Thus, this study showed a direct interaction of 2-PAM and HI-6 with the nACh receptors (Alkondon el ai, 1988). The nonoxime hispyridinium SAD-128 decrea.scd the EPC peak amplitude and prolonged the EPC decay. At the single-channel level, SAD-128 reduced the mean open time and produced a blocked stale evidenced as an additional phase in the closed lime distribution. SAD-128 block of nACh receptors may underlie its efficacy in counteracting lethal effect of OP compounds (Alkondon and Albuquerque, 1989). 

SAD 12] Sadler J.M., Nguyen A.P., Greer S.M, etal, Synthesis and characterization of a novel bio-based reactive diluent as a styrene replacement . Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, vol. 6, pp. 86-93, 2012. 

Smith, D.K., R. Dudani, J.A. Pedras-Vasconcelos, Y. Chapdelaine, H. van Faassen, and S. Sad. Cross-Reactive Antigen is Required to Prevent Erosion of Established T Cell Memory and Tumor Immunity a Heterologous Bacterial Model oi Attnx or. J Immunol 169 1197-1206 (2002). 

Sadly, this simple mechanism cannot be correct because, when the P-hydroxy ketone is made in other ways, it is not converted into Mannich product under the reaction conditions. What else can happen Amines are nucleophiles and react rapidly with carbonyl compounds in acid to give iminium ions (p. 795). It is this imini-um ion that is the real participant in the Mannich condensation reaction. Formaldehyde is more reactive than the ketone, so the iminium ion is preferentially... 

The Initial 21 6 Ib/ft fuel element for N Reactor Is not the only fuel choice possible It is a conserva.tive choice one desi ied so that the reactl-y ty transients should be within the capacity. of the horizontal rod system. A heavier fuel element Is not impossible sad may well be charged after the reactor has been operated and the actui reactivity transients and effective control rod strengths determined ... 

Detailed reviews of this subject are now available [187-189]. In reactive dyes with halogen as a leaving group, these two partial structures nearly always linked by an amino function in the chromophore, which makes an important contribution to the chromophore conjugated x-electron system. In practical terms, this means that the reactive component must have at least two reactive groups, one of them reacts with dye base affording reactive dyestuff sad another one reacts with celln-losic fiber (Fig. 15). 

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